Future trends in Animal Breeding due to new genetic technologies

Toro, Miguel Á

doi:10.1017/s2040470010005431

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…More recently, epigenetic factors and processes have also begun to be taken into account as part of the development of current animal breeding technology (Jensen ; Berry et al . ; Torro ; González‐Recio ).…”

Section: Introduction: Epigenesis Epigenetics and The Epigenomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing appreciation of epigenetic factors and processes has also provided new insights into the physiological adaptation that eukaryotes undergo in response to environmental changes (reviewed by Ho and Burggren 2010) and has changed the direction of theories relating to the socalled ecological and evolutionary developmental biology (Jablonka and Raz 2009;Ledón-Rettig and Pfennig 2011;Storz et al 2011). More recently, epigenetic factors and processes have also begun to be taken into account as part of the development of current animal breeding technology (Jensen 2010;Berry et al 2011;Torro 2011;González-Recio 2012).…”

Section: Introduction: Epigenesis Epigenetics and The Epigenomementioning

confidence: 99%

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The implications for aquaculture practice of epigenomic programming of components of the endocrine system of teleostean embryos: lessons learned from mammalian studies

Leatherland

2012

Fish and Fisheries

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Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression patterns that occur without any modification of the underlying nucleotide sequence of the DNA. Modifications of the so‐called epigenome include complex transient or permanent chemical changes of the DNA or histone proteins resulting in the suppression or enhancement of gene expression, together with an array of post‐translational events that modify the translational products. Epigenomic programming (EP) of the genome is an essential component of embryonic development in animals from the totipotent fertilized egg to the pluripotent stem cells, stem cell differentiation and final tissue and organ formation. Many of these EP processes are influenced transiently and some permanently by environmental influences. In eutherian mammals, environmentally related EP of embryos is linked to permanent changes in the phenotype of the progeny, some of which have been associated with adult onset metabolic disorders. Moreover, because some of the epigenetic remodelling occurs in both the soma and germ line, the resultant phenotypic characteristics (some of which are linked to disease states) may be heritable. Although far less is known about the effects of environmentally linked EP on the ontogeny of fishes, the available information suggests that the EP processes are similar amongst all vertebrates, and there are clear parallels between fish and mammals that are discussed in this paper. Our perspective takes the well‐established findings in mammals and uses them to proactively extrapolate to the as yet under‐recognized implications of EP for fish biology and for fish production in intensive aquaculture.

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Section: Introduction: Epigenesis Epigenetics and The Epigenomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Epigenesis Epigenetics and The Epigenomementioning

confidence: 99%

The implications for aquaculture practice of epigenomic programming of components of the endocrine system of teleostean embryos: lessons learned from mammalian studies

Leatherland

2012

Fish and Fisheries

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A copy number variant near KITLG is associated with the roan pattern in alpacas

et al. 2023

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Context. The alpaca roan pattern is characterised by white and coloured fibre interspersed together, with a distinctive lighter body and darker extremities, and commonly is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It is of interest to the alpaca fibre industry as it causes 'contamination' of coloured fibre with white fibres, but cannot be detected in white or light fawn animals. Other livestock species, such as horses, cattle, goats, and pigs, exhibit comparable phenotypes, which are associated with candidate variant(s) in either KIT or KITLG. Aims. To identify a region or regions of the genome that is/are causative of the roan pattern in alpacas. Methods. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) by using 13 roan and 14 non-roan alpacas sampled from the USA, Australia, and New Zealand. Regions of genome-wide significance were examined for variants that correlated with the roan phenotype. Key results. A novel candidate single-nucleotype polymorphism (SNP; Super-Scaffold_15:39 742 851T > A), located 272 kb upstream of KITLG, was identified in 1 of 12 regions with genome-wide significant association (P ≤ 5 × 10 −8 ). We identified the candidate SNP-containing region (Super-Scaffold_15:39 742 096-39 887 419) to be a 145 kb copy number variant (CNV) that is likely to be a tandem duplication. All 13 roan alpacas had one or two copies of the roan-associated T allele and all except three non-roans had zero copies. Furthermore, we determined the Mendelian inheritance of copy number haplotypes and their allelic composition in a roan and a non-roan family. Conclusions. Our data support the hypothesised autosomal incomplete dominant mode of inheritance of the roan pattern in alpacas and suggests that the effect of the T allele CNV version is likely to be suppressed when in cis with the A allele CNV version. However, additional verification is required to validate the finding and determine the functional effect. Implications. Identification of the cause, or a marker for roan pattern will allow alpaca breeders to select for or against the roan pattern, even when the phenotype is hidden, and therefore increase production output and profitability.

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Future trends in Animal Breeding due to new genetic technologies

Cited by 2 publications

References 71 publications

The implications for aquaculture practice of epigenomic programming of components of the endocrine system of teleostean embryos: lessons learned from mammalian studies

The implications for aquaculture practice of epigenomic programming of components of the endocrine system of teleostean embryos: lessons learned from mammalian studies

A copy number variant near KITLG is associated with the roan pattern in alpacas

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