“…During the past decade, AFS theory has been developed forming the following important methodologies: AFS clustering (Liu, Wang, et al, ; Liu & Ren, ; Liu et al, ; Q. Li et al, ; Ren et al, ), AFS classification (Liu et al, ; Liu & Liu, ; Liu & Pedrycz, ; Ren et al, ), AFS rough set (Ebonzo & Liu, ; Liu et al, ; L. Wang, Ren, et al, ; L. Wang, et al, ), AFS formal concept analysis (L. Wang & Liu, ; L. Wang et al, ; L. Wang & Liu, ), and AFS pseudometric topology (Ding et al, ). This section discusses the above important researches of AFS methodology on knowledge discovery and semantic representation, from which we can see that AFS theory has a great potential to formalize human concepts and their semantic logic operations.…”