Fuzzy Constraint-Based Agent Negotiation

Evolving Fuzzy Rules for Relaxed-Criteria Negotiation

“…Lin et al [32] and Lai and Lin [33] presented a problemsolving framework that uses fuzzy constraints for modeling multiissue multilateral negotiations for e-business agents. In [32] and [33], negotiation is formulated as a distributed fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem, which is represented as a set of fuzzy constraint networks (FCNs) that are connected by constraints.…”

“…In [32] and [33], negotiation is formulated as a distributed fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem, which is represented as a set of fuzzy constraint networks (FCNs) that are connected by constraints. The objective is to determine whether a solution exists that can satisfy a specified number of constraints.…”

“…The objective is to determine whether a solution exists that can satisfy a specified number of constraints. In [32] and [33], each FCN is considered as an agent, and it contains a set of objects (issues) and fuzzy constraints (e.g., "High Amount," "Short Period"). Since an agent does not have a precise estimate of other agents' private information, each agent takes turn to pass messages to other agents to explore their information and search for a global solution.…”

“…A consensus is reached only when a solution satisfies all the agents. Both [29]- [31] and [32], [33] modeled negotiation as a distributed fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem. The general difference is that while [29]- [31] deals with bilateral multiissue negotiations, [32], [33] deals with multilateral multiissue negotiations.…”

“…Both [29]- [31] and [32], [33] modeled negotiation as a distributed fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem. The general difference is that while [29]- [31] deals with bilateral multiissue negotiations, [32], [33] deals with multilateral multiissue negotiations. Whereas [32] and [33] focused on finding a joint agreement that satisfies all constraints and maximizes the agents' aggregated degree of satisfaction, this work adopts a set of fuzzy rules to guide agents in relaxing their bargaining terms to enhance their chances of reaching agreements and reaching agreements more rapidly.…”