Fuzzy Evaluation of Crowd Safety Based on Pedestrians’ Number and Distribution Entropy

Zhang, Xuguang; Yu, Qinan; Wang, Yuxi

doi:10.3390/e22080832

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…According to entropy theory, if one event is more likely to occur than another, then the amount of information that can be determined based on observations of that event is small [ 40 , 41 ]. Conversely, more information can be obtained by observing rare events [ 42 , 43 ]. Several approaches have been proposed to utilize the Shannon entropy or information entropy to understand the interaction between pedestrians and external conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feasibility of Information-Entropy-Based Behavioral Analysis for Detecting Environmental Barriers

Lee

Hwang

Kim

2021

IJERPH

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The enhancement of physical activity is highly correlated with the conditions of the built environment. Walking is considered to be a fundamental daily physical activity, which requires an appropriate environment. Therefore, the barriers of the built environment should be identified and addressed. Barriers can act as external stimuli for pedestrians, so pedestrians may diversely respond to them. Based on this consideration, this study examines the feasibility of information-entropy-based behavioral analysis for the detection of environmental barriers. The physical responses of pedestrians were collected using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor in a smartphone. After the acquired data were converted to behavioral probability distributions, the information entropy of each grid cell was calculated. The grid cells whereby the participants indicated that environmental barriers were present yielded relatively high information entropy values. The findings of this study will facilitate the design of more pedestrian-friendly environments and the development of diverse approaches that utilize citizens for monitoring the built environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feasibility of Information-Entropy-Based Behavioral Analysis for Detecting Environmental Barriers

Lee

Hwang

Kim

2021

IJERPH

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“…According to the classical risk theory, Liu et al [16] selected four evaluation factors to build a quantitative crowd-gathering risk assessment model for urban public spaces. Zhang et al [17] proposed a method to evaluate crowd safety based on fuzzy inference that considered the number of pedestrians and the distribution uniformity as two kinds of attributes of a crowd. The crowd-gathering risk in open public spaces is different from that of other public spaces that have specific boundaries and fences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Crowd-Gathering in Urban Open Public Spaces Supported by Spatio-Temporal Big Data

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The urban open public spaces are the areas where people tend to gather together, which may lead to great crowd-gathering risk. This paper proposes a new method to assess the rank and spatial distribution of crowd-gathering risk in open public spaces in a large urban area. Firstly, a crowd density estimation method based on Tencent user density (TUD) data is built for different times in open public spaces. Then, a reasonable crowd density threshold is delimited to detect critical crowd situations in open public spaces and find out the key open public spaces that need to have intensive crowd-gathering prevention. For estimating the crowd-gathering risk in key open public spaces, the quantified risk assessment approach is conducted based on the classical risk theory that simultaneously considers the probability of an accident occurring, the severity of the accident consequence, and the risk aversion factor. A case study of the area within the Outer-ring Road of Shanghai was conducted to determine the feasibility of the new method. The thematic maps that describe the ranks and spatial distribution of crowd-gathering risk were generated. According to the risk maps, the government can determine the crowd control measures in different areas to reduce the crowd-gathering risk and prevent dangerous events.

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“…Related studies calculated walkability by calculating entropy according to the degree of land use mix [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In addition, research in fields, such as crowd safety [ 44 ], emergence [ 45 ], pedestrian flow [ 46 ], evasive actions of pedestrians [ 47 ], and abnormal pedestrian detection [ 48 ] through the entropy of pedestrian behavior have also been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Step k-means Clustering Based Information Entropy for Detecting Environmental Barriers Using Wearable Sensor

Lee

Kim

2022

IJERPH

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Walking is the most basic means of transportation. Therefore, continuous management of the walking environment is very important. In particular, the identification of environmental barriers that can impede walkability is the first step in improving the pedestrian experience. Current practices for identifying environmental barriers (e.g., expert investigation and survey) are time-consuming and require additional human resources. Hence, we have developed a method to identify environmental barriers based on information entropy considering that every individual behaves differently in the presence of external stimuli. The behavioral data of the gait process were recorded for 64 participants using a wearable sensor. Additionally, the data were classified into seven gait types using two-step k-means clustering. It was observed that the classified gaits create a probability distribution for each location to calculate information entropy. The values of calculated information entropy showed a high correlation in the presence or absence of environmental barriers. The results obtained facilitated the continuous monitoring of environmental barriers generated in a walking environment.

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Fuzzy Evaluation of Crowd Safety Based on Pedestrians’ Number and Distribution Entropy

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

The Feasibility of Information-Entropy-Based Behavioral Analysis for Detecting Environmental Barriers

The Feasibility of Information-Entropy-Based Behavioral Analysis for Detecting Environmental Barriers

Risk Assessment of Crowd-Gathering in Urban Open Public Spaces Supported by Spatio-Temporal Big Data

Two-Step k-means Clustering Based Information Entropy for Detecting Environmental Barriers Using Wearable Sensor

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