Fuzzy Modelling for Early Architectural Design

Abstract

Fuzzy modelling is simultaneously an extension of existing modelling approaches and a negation of one of their main aspects, the crispness of their definition. As a digital equivalent of analogue sketching it allows designers to register and manipulate imprecise and uncertain information. In the framework of design representations fuzzy modelling supports the development of conceptual design models characterized by flexible definition and interaction. The main advantages of such models are fluency, abstraction and continuity, at a level similar to that of analogue techniques. In addition to that they offer the possibility of local autonomy, i.e. segmentation of a representation into self-regulating and cooperating components. Three alternative forms of fuzzy modelling are proposed: (1) Canonical objects with tolerances, (2) objects described by minimal and maximal values, and (3) point sets comprising discrete, autonomous particles that describe the object by their spatial or structural relationships.

Fuzzy set theory for parametric design: A case study of non-standard architectural practice in China

“…The second point relates to design flexibility and decision making. Koutamanis (2007) has argued that, for an architect, the crispness of a computer-based model may impede a flexible form design whose advantages of precision and information accuracy are based on a determined design decision. Parametric modelling, in contrast, allows an architect to easily make design changes.…”

“…Within defined tolerances, entities may change form, organisation, and relations. In building practice, entities that are restricted by rules such as building codes are hard shapes (Koutamanis, 2007). Therefore, there is limited space to alter their shapes.…”

“…To operate with fuzzy set theory, the first step of generating an input fuzzy set can be to use a parametric model to sketch formal and functional requirements (Alexander, 1967) of a design idea. Koutamanis (2007) described this step as defining spatial tolerance for input geometries and has come up with an equation to define this. He used variable F to present a vibrant design form, used C for the initial input geometries (which Koutamanis called a canonical form), and used I and O for both the inner and outer limit of a domain boundary.…”

“…In the façade's digital model, entities remained modifiable until the final industrial production. Their fuzzy forms facilitated local intelligence and autonomy (Koutamanis, 2007) in response to the balance between design problems and needed shapes. The project was successfully implemented within the given timeline and resources, and maximally fulfilled an original design intent.…”

“…The fuzzy set theory, which was firstly introduced by Zadeh in 1965, is defined as the rationale for an architect to defer their design decisions, via parametric means, for better implementing feasibility. Koutamanis (2007) pointed out that fuzzy parametric modelling provides methods and techniques for qualifying and quantifying imprecise and uncertain information. Here, in order to illustrate the application of fuzzy set theory in accommodating real-world constraints, we study the case of the Tianyi Lake Children's Experience Pavilion, designed by Shenzhen-based architectural practice iDEA, and focus on its design-to-build process leading to its non-standard perforated façade.…”