G and P rotavirus genotypes in stool samples from children in Teresina, State of Piauí

Macedo, Carla Isabel; Christofoletti, Alice; Munford, Veridiana; Rácz, Maria Lucia

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822007000400001

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…P[8] and P[4] were the most prevalent P genotype worldwide [28,42,43]. In this study, P[8] was detected in 46.8% of rotavirus positive patients followed by P[4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji’nan, China

Sai

Sun

Shao

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundAcute gastroenteritis caused by bacteria, virus and parasite is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus have been recognized as the most common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis among children. However, there is still no valuable data about infections of rotavirus and norovirus in children in Ji’nan, an eastern city in China. The aims of the present study are to determine the incidence of rotavirus and norovirus associated acute gastroenteritis in Ji’nan among children, to characterize rotavirus and norovirus strains circulating during this period; and to provide useful epidemiological and clinical data.MethodsFecal specimens and clinical data were collected from 767 children (502 outpatients and 265 inpatients) under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea at Shandong University Qilu Hospital and Qilu children’s Hospital in Ji’nan, China between February 2011 and January 2012. Virus RNA was extracted, amplified, electrophoresed, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the prevalent genotypes. Chi-square and U test were used to compare characteristics of clinical manifestation in each group.ResultsOf the 767 specimens 263 (34.3%) were positive for rotavirus and 80 (10.4%) were positive for norovirus. Among 263 rotavirus positive cases, G3 (40.7%) was the most prevalent serotype, P[8] (46.8%) was the dominant genotype and G3P[8] (31.9%) was the most common combination. All of the norovirus strains belonged to GII genogroup including GII.3, GII.4 and GII.6, of which GII.4 (61.2%) was the predominant genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the GII.4 sequences showed that 18 GII.4 strains belonged to GII.4 2004–2006 cluster and 31 GII.4 strains were divided into GII.4 2006b cluster. A peak number of rotavirus infections was observed during the cold season from November to next January. Higher rates of norovirus infections were detected from September to November. Most patients with rotavirus and norovirus associated diarrhea experienced vomiting (88.2% and 67.5%, respectively) and fever (79.1% and 46.3%, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study showed that rotavirus and norovirus were still the important causative agents of pediatric diarrhea in Ji’nan during this period.

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“…P[8] and P[4] were the most prevalent P genotype worldwide [28,42,43]. In this study, P[8] was detected in 46.8% of rotavirus positive patients followed by P[4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji’nan, China

Sai

Sun

Shao

et al. 2013

Virol J

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“…1,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Especially in developing countries, like Brazil, a diverse range of circulating genotype combinations, including rare genotypes and "mixtures" of more than one genotype G and/or genotype P infecting one patient, have been identified. 13,17,[21][22][23][24][25] The frequent occurrence of unusual G and P combinations is due to the segmented genome of rotaviruses, which can undergo genetic reassortments when at least two different RV-A strains infect a single cell, resulting in (i) new strains, (ii) characterization of more than one G or P-type in one sample, (iii) introduction of animal rotavirus genes in human rotavirus population and vice-versa and (iv) natural RV-A reassortants infecting different animal species. 15,[26][27][28][29] Over the past 20 years, many studies have established that naturally acquired RV-A infections may confer protection against reinfections and subsequent severe diarrheic episodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human rotavirus genotypes circulating in Brazil before and after a nationwide rotavirus vaccination program established in 2006

Caruzo

2011

RRTM

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Accounting for an estimated 600,000 deaths worldwide each year, rotaviruses are recognized as the most important etiologic agents causing severe acute gastroenteritis among children under the age of five years. In Brazil, until rotavirus vaccination was established in the public health system in 2006, acute gastroenteritis striking children under five years and caused by these viruses was clearly associated with 3.5 million episodes of diarrhea, 650,000 visits to outpatient health care facilities, 92,000 hospitalizations, and 850 deaths each year. After the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Brazil in March 2006, studies all over the country have been comparing rotavirus genotypes circulating in the recent pre-and postvaccination era. Most of these studies have reported a high prevalence of the G2P[4] genotype and also a decrease in rotavirus detection all over Brazil after the introduction of the vaccine. So far, these are preliminary studies, as a longer period of time is necessary to establish if this high prevalence of G2P[4] is due to selective pressure by the vaccine on the circulating viruses or to a normal genotype fluctuation, and if it will have any impact on vaccine efficacy in the future. This review describes results from the most recent studies addressing this issue and on rotavirus genotypic variability in Brazil.

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“…Altogether, during the pre-vaccination era, 2,492 RV-A-positive faecal samples were typed, either by use of monoclonal antibody or PCR assays. Only one paper in our review describes genotyping of RV-A-positive samples collected from 1994-1996 (i.e., during both defined periods), without specifying the results by year; therefore, this article has been reviewed separately (Macedo et al 2007). Finally, seven papers report 199 RV-A-positive samples that were collected after introduction of universal RV-A vaccination (2006RV-A vaccination ( -2007 (Araújo et al 2007a, Gouvea et al 2007, Gurgel et al 2007, Domingues et al 2008, Ribeiro et al 2008, CarvalhoCosta et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This genotype was subsequently recognized as being highly prevalent in many areas. The study published by Macedo et al (2007) describes the genotyping of samples collected from 1994-1996 in state of Piauí (Northeastern Brazil). It demonstrates the co-circulation of G5 and G9 RV-A genotypes, but does not specify the year in which the samples were collected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

Leite

Carvalho-Costa

Linhares

2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

102

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Brazil was the first Latin American country to introduce universal group A rotavirus (RV-A) vaccination in March 2006, resulting in a unique epidemiological scenario. Since RV-A first identification in Brazil, 2,691 RV-A-positive stool samples, collected between 1982- 2007, were typed by independent research groups throughout the country. In the pre-vaccination era, 2,492 RV-A-positive samples collected from 1982-2005 were successfully typed, while 199 samples were analyzed from 2006-2007. According to the reviewed studies, there were two important times in the pre-vaccination era: (i) the period from 1982-1995, during which the detection of G5P[8] RV-A, in addition to the classical genotypes G1-4, challenged vaccine development programs; and (ii) the period from 1996-2005, during which genotype G9P[8] emerged, following a global trend. The rate of G2P[4] RV-A detection decreased from 26% (173/653) during 1982-1995 to 2% (43/1,839) during 1996-2005. The overall detection rate of RV-A genotypes from 1982-2005 was as follows: 43% (n = 1,079) G1P[8]/G1P[not typed (NT)]; 20% (n = 488) G9P[8]/G9P[NT]; 9% (n = 216) G2P[4]/G2P[NT]; 6% (n = 151) G3P[8]/G3P[NT]; 4% (n = 103) G4P[8]/G4P[NT]; and 4% (n = 94) G5P[8]/G5P[NT]. Mixed infections accounted for 189 (7%) of the positive samples, while atypical G/P combinations or other genotypes, including G6, G8, G10 and G12, were identified in 172 (7%) samples. The initial surveillance studies carried out in several Brazilian states with RV-A-positive samples collected in 2006 and 2007 show a predominance of G2P[4] strains (148/199 or 74%). Herein, we review RV-A typing studies carried out since the 1980s in Brazil, highlighting the dynamics of RV-A strain circulation profiles before and early after universal use of RV-A vaccine in Brazil

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G and P rotavirus genotypes in stool samples from children in Teresina, State of Piauí

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji’nan, China

Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji’nan, China

Human rotavirus genotypes circulating in Brazil before and after a nationwide rotavirus vaccination program established in 2006

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

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