Untitled

Abstract

Agricultural pesticides, eventually find their ways to aquatic ecosystems by different routes adversely affect the aquatic biota. To determine its potential hazards, acute toxicity tests (LC50) of three commonly used organophosphate pesticides, Envoy 50SC, Samcup 50EC and Dursban 20EC on Labeo rohita and Barbonymus gonionotus were performed. The LC50 (P<0.05) of these pesticides were estimated at 0.110 (0.060-0.199), 0.217 (0.204-0.231) and 0.079 (0.073-0.084) ppm for L. rohita and 0.471 (0.440-0.500), 0.789 (0.754-0.824) and 0.273 (0.260-0.286) ppm for B. gonionotus, respectively. Pesticides abruptly altered the normal structures in various fish organs like gills, kidney and liver. The major alterations included missing gill lamellae, gill clubbing, fungal granuloma, fatty degeneration, lipid droplet formation, degenerating glomeruli and kidney tubules, hyperplasia, hemorrhage, pyknosis, increased number of vacuoles, and necrosis. Envoy 50SC, Samcup 20EC and Dursban 20EC showed significant inhibition on L. rohita AChE activity at 216.7±11.0, 207.3±5.0 and 146.7±5.5 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. In B. gonionotus, Samcup 20EC and Dursban 20EC showed significant inhibition (P<0.05), which were recorded as 242.0±6.6 and 221.7±60.3 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Furthermore, pesticide treated L. rohita showed higher enzymatic inhibition (51.49%) than B. gonionotus (19.60%).

Impact of Kinalax EC on Vital Organ Histomorphology, Blood Cell Structure and Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus)

“…Yang, Zha, Li, Li and Wang (2010) found lesions in kidney tissues including an extensive expansion in the lumen, degenerative and necrotic changes of tubular epithelia, and shrinkage of the glomeruli at 10 μg −L of atrazine exposed to rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) for 28 days. Reza et al (2017) found mild vacuole, degenerating kidney tubule and hemorrhage at 0.058 ppm in Labeo rohita and at the same dose, the kidney tissues of B. gonionotus appeared normal but some melanin pigment and vacuoles were also observed in these tissue samples. Pathology included moderate hemorrhage, pyknosis, hyaline for L. rohita were found in the kidney of fishes treated at 0.108 ppm Envoy 50 SC, and moderate vacuole, pyknosis and necrosis for B. gonionotus were found.…”

“…Necrotic foci and lipid droplets in liver of Cyprinus carpio and interactions of antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation effect on pesticides were recorded by Oropesa, Cambero, Gómez, Roncero and Soler (2009); Karaca et al, (2014) and Cagdas et al, (2017). Reza et al (2017) additionally found mild changes in vacuole, hemorrhage, and fatty degeneration in the liver tissues of L. rohita treated with 0.058 ppm Envoy 50 SC, whereas moderate hemorrhage, fatty degeneration, lipid droplets were observed for the same fish species at 0.108 ppm.…”

“…Additionally, Çaglan, Benli, and Ozkul (2010) found telangiectasis at the tip of secondary gill lamellae of Nile tilapia exposed with an organophosphate pesticide. Moreover, Reza et al, (2017) was also found moderate gill clubbing, hemorrhage, pyknosis in gill at 0.058 ppm of an organophosphate pesticide in Labeo rohita whereas the gills were found in almost normal condition in B. gonionotus except some missing of secondary gill lamellae.…”

“…Moreover, pesticide mediated enzymatic inhibition affects in O. niloticus was showed by Pessoa, Luchmannb, Ribera, Verasa, Correac, Nogueirab, and Carvalhoa, (2011). Reza et al (2017) showed significant inhibition of AChE activity on L. rohita when exposed to organophosphate pesticide.…”

Toxic effects of an organophosphate pesticide, envoy 50 SC on the histopathological, hematological, and brain acetylcholinesterase activities in stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

“…Toxic organic pollutants that include a large number of agrochemicals, such as pesticides, many of which are non-biodegradable and carcinogenic, are consistently being used in crop fields. As a result, fish and other aquatic biota, exposed to the pesticide-contaminated water are at much higher risk of dying (Katagi, 2010;Reza, Rakhi, Hossen, & Hossain, 2017). Seepage of pesticides into rivers and streams can be highly lethal to aquatic life and often might change the bionetwork of a particular area (Mensah, Palmer, & Muller, 2014;Sánchez-Bayo, Goka, & Hayasaka, 2016).…”