“…In this study, 10 different classification algorithms are used to predict the differentiation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ten classification algorithms used in this paper are SVM (Vadali et al, 2019), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) (Siqueira et al, 2017), CART (Cheng et al, 2017), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) (Liu et al, 2016), KNN (Suyundikov et al, 2015), Ensemble (Xiao et al, 2018), ELM (Sachnev et al, 2015), Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) (Jiang et al, 2010), Genetic Algorithm-Support Vector Machine (GA-SVM) (Tao et al, 2019), and ABC-SVM (Alshamlan et al, 2016). Thirteen and twenty-one indicators are used as input characteristics, respectively.…”