GABA concentration in superior temporal sulcus predicts gamma power and perception in the sound-induced flash illusion

Balz, Johanna; Keil, Julian; Romero, Yadira Roa; Mekle, Ralf; Schubert, Florian; Aydın, Semiha; Ittermann, Bernd; Gallinat, Jürgen; Senkowski, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.087

Cited by 85 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…␥ power has been involved in cross-modal interactions and ownership illusions (Kanayama et al, 2007(Kanayama et al, , 2009, and the "temporal correlation hypothesis" (Singer and Gray, 1995) proposed that oscillatory brain activity may be a key mechanism not only for unisensory processing (e.g., featural binding, attention guiding), but also for cross-modal processing (Engel et al, 2012). Increased ␥ power was found in multisensory illusions, such as the sound-induced flash illusion (Bhattacharya et al, 2002;Mishra et al, 2007;Balz et al, 2016), which is in line with the present data in suggesting that oscillatory activity in the ␥ band reflects perceptual changes resulting from cross-modal interactions. The finding that a different set of electrodes reflected changes in the magnitude of illusory self-touch (sensorimotor regions) versus the afterimage drift (frontotemporal regions) suggests that both phenomena rely on different spectral mechanisms in anatomically different systems (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There is now good evidence that vision is shaped by nonvisual bodily inputs (for review, see , including vestibular , proprioceptive (Salomon et al, 2013b), tactile (Lunghi et al, 2010;Faivre et al, 2016;, motor (Maruya et al, 2007;Salomon et al, 2013a), cardiac signals (Salomon et al, 2016a), and full-body stimuli, including body size (van der Hoort et al, 2011(van der Hoort et al, , 2014Banakou et al, 2013). By showing in five independent experiments that the position of an afterimage depends on the synchrony of tactileproprioceptive stimulation, we report that the Taylor illusion does not just depend on bodily inputs, but also on the sense of body ownership.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Grounded Vision: Hand Ownership Modulates Visual Location through Cortical β and γ Oscillations

et al. 2016

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Vision is known to be shaped by context, defined by environmental and bodily signals. In the Taylor illusion, the size of an afterimage projected on one's hand changes according to proprioceptive signals conveying hand position. Here, we assessed whether the Taylor illusion does not just depend on the physical hand position, but also on bodily self-consciousness as quantified through illusory hand ownership. Relying on the somatic rubber hand illusion, we manipulated hand ownership, such that participants embodied a rubber hand placed next to their own hand. We found that an afterimage projected on the participant's hand drifted depending on illusory ownership between the participants' two hands, showing an implication of self-representation during the Taylor illusion. Oscillatory power analysis of electroencephalographic signals showed that illusory hand ownership was stronger in participants with stronger ␣ suppression over left sensorimotor cortex, whereas the Taylor illusion correlated with higher ␤/␥ power over frontotemporal regions. Higher ␥ connectivity between left sensorimotor and inferior parietal cortex was also found during illusory hand ownership. These data show that afterimage drifts in the Taylor illusion do not only depend on the physical hand position but also on subjective ownership, which itself is based on the synchrony of somatosensory signals from the two hands. The effect of ownership on afterimage drifts is associated with ␤/␥ power and ␥ connectivity between frontoparietal regions and the visual cortex. Together, our results suggest that visual percepts are not only influenced by bodily context but are self-grounded, mapped on a self-referential frame.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Grounded Vision: Hand Ownership Modulates Visual Location through Cortical β and γ Oscillations

et al. 2016

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“…In line with the role of inhibitory interneurons in generating gamma band activity, a positive correlation between GABA levels in superior temporal sulcus (measured using MRS) and the power of induced gamma band oscillations has been reported (Balz et al, 2016), suggesting that increased induced gamma band power is associated with higher GABA levels. This position is also supported by pharmalogical manipulations of GABA, as administration of propofol (a GABA agonist) leads to an increase in induced gamma band power (Saxena, Muthukumaraswamy, & Diukova, 2013).…”

Section: High Frequency Neural Oscillations (Gamma-band Activity)mentioning

confidence: 58%

Measuring neural excitation and inhibition in autism: Different approaches, different findings and different interpretations

2016

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The balance of neural excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) is often hypothesised to be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One widely held view is that excitation levels are elevated relative to inhibition in ASD. Understanding whether, and how, E/I balance may be altered in ASD is important given the recent interest in trialling pharmacological interventions for ASD which target inhibitory neurotransmitter function.Here we provide a critical review of evidence for E/I balance in ASD. We conclude that data from a number of domains provides support for alteration in excitation and inhibitory neurotransmission in ASD, but when considered collectively, the available literature provide little evidence to support claims for either a net increase in excitation or a net increase in inhibition. Strengths and limitations of available techniques are considered, and directions for future research discussed.3

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“…Previous MRS studies reported correlations between behavioral or neurophysiological measures and GABA estimates within targeted brain regions (Bachtiar et al, 2015; Balz et al, 2016; Boy et al, 2010; Heba et al, 2016; Jocham et al, 2012; Stagg et al, 2011a; 2011b; Sumner et al, 2010; van Loon et al, 2013). For example, resting GABA content in primary motor cortex was positively correlated with individual differences in motor sequence reaction time (Stagg et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in GABA content are reliable but are not uniform across the human cortex

et al. 2016

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1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a powerful tool to measure gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principle inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. We asked whether individual differences in MRS estimates of GABA are uniform across the cortex or vary between regions. In two sessions, resting GABA concentrations in the lateral prefrontal, sensorimotor, dorsal premotor, and occipital cortices were measured in twenty-eight healthy individuals. GABA estimates within each region were stable across weeks, with low coefficients of variation. Despite this stability, the GABA estimates were not correlated between regions. In contrast, the percentage of brain tissue per volume, a control measure, was correlated between the three anterior regions. These results provide an interesting dissociation between an anatomical measure of individual differences and a neurochemical measure. The different patterns of anatomy and GABA concentrations have implications for understanding regional variation in the molecular topography of the brain in health and disease.

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GABA concentration in superior temporal sulcus predicts gamma power and perception in the sound-induced flash illusion

Cited by 85 publications

References 60 publications

Self-Grounded Vision: Hand Ownership Modulates Visual Location through Cortical β and γ Oscillations

Self-Grounded Vision: Hand Ownership Modulates Visual Location through Cortical β and γ Oscillations

Measuring neural excitation and inhibition in autism: Different approaches, different findings and different interpretations

Individual differences in GABA content are reliable but are not uniform across the human cortex

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