“…This increase in CBF is followed by a persistent decrease in blood flow (Lambert and Michalicek, 1994; Ayata et al, 2004) and oxygen levels (Piilgaard and Lauritzen, 2009) leading to a period of tissue hypoxia (Lukyanova and Bures, 1967; Lacombe et al, 1992; Otori et al, 2003; Takano et al, 2007). Therefore, in order to restore metabolic balance, cortical neurons including interneurons and astroglia are thought to release of a variety of neurotransmitters including NO, carbon monoxide, adenosine, hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and lipoxygenase products known to alter cerebral vascular tone (Cauli et al, 2004; Vaucher et al, 2000; Zonta et al, 2003; Filosa et al, 2006; Koehler et al, 2006; Busija et al, 2008). Independent of vascular tone, these signaling molecules also directly affect endothelial cell signaling pathways (De Caterina et al, 1995; Jozkowicz et al, 2003; Erlinge and Burnstock, 2008; Dalvi et al, 2015; Mark et al, 2001).…”