GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters

Ramesh, Sunita A.; Tyerman, Stephen D.; Xu, Bo; Bose, Jayakumar; Kaur, Sarvpreet; Conn, Vanessa M.; Domingos, Patrícia; Ullah, Sana; Wege, Stefanie; Shabala, Sergey; Feijó, José A.; Ryan, Peter R.; Gilliham, Matthew

doi:10.1038/ncomms8879

Cited by 315 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The efflux of anions depolarizes membranes and this leads to inhibition of K + uptake. The negative regulation of ALMT proteins by GABA has been reported recently (Ramesh et al 2015). In general, the low potassium content in shoots of gad1/2 mutant could be the combined effects of reduced potassium retrieval from the xylem, an efflux of potassium from roots Mekonnen 261 and reduced uptake from the soil.…”

Section: Gaba-depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oversensitivity of Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant to NaCl treatment reveals the importance of GABA in salt stress responses

Mekonnen¹

2017

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Salt stress is one of the major problems in agricultural fields. Currently, more than 20% of irrigated agricultural lands are affected by salinity. High concentrations of sodium affects plant growth by competing with the uptake of important ions like potassium (K + ), and posing osmotic stress. Some plant species developed mechanisms such as modifying cellular metabolism to minimize effects of high salt concentrations. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation during salt stress is one of the results of modifications in cellular metabolism. However, whether this response is specific or not has not been shown before. Here, it was hypothesized that GABA accumulation is needed to counter the effects of salt stress. For that, GABA-depleted Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant was investigated for altered response under salt stress. Indeed, the double mutant was oversensitive to 150 mM NaCl treatment. Furthermore, the mutant was oversensitive to osmotic stress; since the double mutant showed reduced shoot water content after 300 mM mannitol treatment. Comparison of metabolites between salt-treated wild type and gad1/2 mutant showed that GABA shunt plays a central role in modulating the carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Taken together, the findings show that GABA accumulation under salt stress conditions plays an important role to overcome the high salt concentration damage.

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Section: Gaba-depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oversensitivity of Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant to NaCl treatment reveals the importance of GABA in salt stress responses

Mekonnen¹

2017

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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“…To date, the ALMT family has been shown to be central to physiological processes such as control of stomatal aperture [5,6] and anion homoeostasis [7]. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid due to their potential role in economically valuable traits such as fruit flavour [8] and grain filling [9], and more recently they have been shown to be key mediators of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) signalling [10]. Identification of the molecular actors in these processes is already helping guide marker-assisted breeding [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The varied functions of aluminium-activated malate transporters–much more than aluminium resistance

Palmer

Baker

Muench

2016

Biochemical Society Transactions

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The ALMT (aluminium-activated malate transporter) family comprises a functionally diverse but structurally similar group of ion channels. They are found ubiquitously in plant species, expressed throughout different tissues, and located in either the plasma membrane or tonoplast. The first family member identified was TaALMT1, discovered in wheat root tips, which was found to be involved in aluminium resistance by means of malate exudation into the soil. However, since this discovery other family members have been shown to have many other functions such as roles in stomatal opening, general anionic homoeostasis, and in economically valuable traits such as fruit flavour. Recent evidence has also shown that ALMT proteins can act as key molecular actors in GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) signalling, the first evidence that GABA can act as a signal transducer in plants.

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“…Although the ALMTs have a low overall sequence similarity with the GABA A receptors in animal cells, ALMTs contain a conserved motif that is similar to the GABA binding site on GABA A receptors. This intriguing result suggests that ALMTs may perform many other functions in plants which are still to be discovered [80].…”

Section: The Structure-function Relationship Of Almt Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Recently Ramesh et al [80] showed that the transport activity of several ALMTs expressed in Xenopus oocytes is very sensitive to inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and muscimol, an agonist of GABA A receptor. Subsequent studies suggest that ALMT proteins may be GABA receptors in plants and underlay novel signalling pathways associated with stress responses.…”

Section: The Structure-function Relationship Of Almt Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALMT Gene Family Performs Multiple Functions in Plants

Liu

Zhou

2018

Agronomy

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Abstract:The aluminium activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene family is named after the first member of the family identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The product of this gene controls resistance to aluminium (Al) toxicity. ALMT genes encode transmembrane proteins that function as anion channels and perform multiple functions involving the transport of organic anions (e.g., carboxylates) and inorganic anions in cells. They share a PF11744 domain and are classified in the Fusaric acid resistance protein-like superfamily, CL0307. The proteins typically have five to seven transmembrane regions in the N-terminal half and a long hydrophillic C-terminal tail but predictions of secondary structure vary. Although widely spread in plants, relatively little information is available on the roles performed by other members of this family. In this review, we summarized functions of ALMT gene families, including Al resistance, stomatal function, mineral nutrition, microbe interactions, fruit acidity, light response and seed development.

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GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters

Cited by 315 publications

References 41 publications

Oversensitivity of Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant to NaCl treatment reveals the importance of GABA in salt stress responses

Oversensitivity of Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant to NaCl treatment reveals the importance of GABA in salt stress responses

The varied functions of aluminium-activated malate transporters–much more than aluminium resistance

The ALMT Gene Family Performs Multiple Functions in Plants

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