“…In fact, several animal studies have indicated that the blockade of GABAergic inhibition (e.g., via the GABA-A receptor or GABA-B receptor) plays a key role in LTP induction (Grover & Yan, 1999;Kotak, Mirallave, Mowery, & Sanes, 2017;Liu et al, 2014;Staubli, Scafidi, & Chun, 1999;Steward, Tomasulo, & Levy, 1990). However, Kotak, Mirallave, Mowery, and Sanes (2017) (Grover & Yan, 1999;Kotak et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2014;Staubli et al, 1999;Steward et al, 1990) and that of LTD may also depend on modulation of GABA interneuronal activities (Kotak et al, 2017;Nishiyama et al, 2010). In addition, in brain circuits where strong inhibition occurs along with excitation (e.g., the dentate commissural pathway of the hippocampus), LTP is not expressed during high-frequency electrical stimulation (Steward et al, 1990).…”