Gagal atrium kiri: terminologi yang perlu diketahui

Abstract

Heart failure is the terminal stage of all the heart pathological conditions. The common understanding in heart failure is always preceded by left ventricular dysfunction. There are several clinical studies that indicate heart failure might occur without prior left ventricular dysfunction. Left atrial dysfunction may have more important roles than we previously thought in the context of heart failure. The atrium has a unique and different anatomical structure and function compared to the ventricles. Left atrial failure can occur independently of left ventricular dysfunction or mitral valve abnormalities. Atrial failure, similar to ventricular failure, could also cause or initiate global heart failure. The mechanism of atrial failure can be caused by fibrosis, electrical and mechanical dysfunction. Through this article, we would emphasize that atrial failure also has clinical significance and may explain heart failure with the condition of the sustained ejection fraction. Gagal jantung adalah hasil akhir dari semua kondisi patologi di jantung. Terminologi umum dalam gagal jantung selalu didahului oleh disfungsi ventrikel kiri. Ada beberapa studi klinis yang menunjukkan gagal jantung mungkin terjadi tanpa disfungsi ventrikel kiri sebelumnya. Disfungsi atrium kiri mungkin memiliki peran penting lebih dari pada yang kita pikirkan sebelumnya pada kondisi gagal jantung. Berbeda dengan ventrikel, atrium memiliki struktur anatomis dan fungsi yang unik dan berbeda.  Gagal atrium kiri dapat terjadi secara independen terhadap disfungsi ventrikel kiri dan kelainan katup mitral. Seperti halnya ventrikel kiri, gagal atrium dapat menyebabkan gagal jantung secara global. Mekanisme gagal ventrikel dapat disebabkan dari fibrosis, disfungsi elektrik dan mekanik. Melalui artikel ini, kami akan menjelaskan bahwa kegagalan fungsi atrium juga memiliki signifikansi klinis dan mungkin menjelaskan gagal jantung dengan kondisi fraksi ejeksi yang dipertahankan.

Relationship between Degrees of Nasal Obstruction and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

“…According to Purwowiyanto et al, sleep apnea is known as stopping breathing during sleep in Indonesian. There are two types of sleep apnea: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Central Sleep apnea (CSA) [1]. OSA is a sleep-related respiratory disorder that occurs due to an upper airway obstruction for at least 10 seconds, either complete or partial, that impedes breathing during sleep.…”