Gain and equalization adaptation to optimize the vertical eye opening in a wireline receiver

Abstract

A strategy for the adaptation of an equalizer and variable gain amplifier is presented. Both control signals are generated by examining the probability density function (PDF) of the received data, which is obtained from the DC output of an additional analog sampler at the equalizer output. This technique works to minimize the spreading of the PDF of the received signal while adding only minimal complexity and power consumption to the receiver design. The technique is demonstrated in a wireline receiver fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology. Measured results show that the adaptation scheme functions correctly over both coax and PCB channels of varying lengths and at speeds ranging from 2 to 10 Gb/s.

An eye‐opening measurement circuit for a feed‐forward equalizer

“…Microstrip antennas are in demand nowadays due to their low profile, light weight, low cost, and MMIC compatibility. Defected ground structure (DGS) has been gained a lot of attraction of researchers for improving the deficiencies of conventional microstrip patch antenna (MPA), that is, narrow bandwidth, low gain, cross-polarized radiation, and so forth [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Impedance bandwidth has been enhanced using DGS [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

“…Vertical eye monitoring method uses one dimensional value to assess the eye‐opening. This will be acquired by measuring two or more threshold voltages that will define upper and lower boundary using comparators . There is also the method using both vertical and horizontal eye monitoring for two‐dimensional eye monitoring.…”

A 5.4-Gbit/s Adaptive Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer Using Asynchronous Undersampling Histograms

“…In addition, many applications require equalizers having adaptation ability that can provide optimal equalization for different channel conditions. Various adaptive equalizers have been reported [1]- [7]. In the spectrum balancing method, adaptive equalization is achieved by comparing high-and low-frequency components of data power and generating feedback signals until the power spectrum is balanced [1], [2].…”

“…One promising adaptive equalization technique is using an eye-opening monitor (EOM) [5]- [7]. The EOM evaluates data quality with periodic observations of the filter output and provides information about the equalizing filter performance.…”