Gain optimization for arbitrary antenna arrays

Optimized arbitrary wireless device arrays for emergency response communications

“…However, we want to optimize the electromagnetic radiation intensity for a particular direction, i.e., the z-direction, at a specific observation point within or near the boundaries of the (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) of Reference [13], since that definition uses an R value corresponding to the far field of the array and assumes all the array elements are located at the origin. In our case, the distance between the observation points and the elements is not in the far field of the array, hence using /?^^p rovides a better mathematical representation of the overall behavior than simply using some nominal R value, such as the distance to the farthest observation point.…”

“…(15) Two important points to note are as follows. First, the scaled currents determine the resulting gain at the observation point.…”

“…Only the currents associated with the nonzero eigenvalue produce fields at the observation point. A succinct development of eq (13) through eq (15) is found in Reference [15]. The simulation environment basically consists of using mathematical software to randomly locate radiating elements and observation points, and then compute the closed form expressions previously discussed in Section 2.…”

“…Note in all the simulation runs, the radiating or array elements are located within the notional building volume, whereas the observation points may be either interior Number of Elements Figure 13 illustrates the gain obtained from using only the optimized phase information from eq (15) 13), as compared to approximately 1 dB per doubling of the elements when using the optimized magnitude information (see figure 1 0).…”

Robust Superdirective Beamforming for Hf Circular Receive Antenna Arrays

“…Although the optimum performance of superdirective beamforming is very intriguing, the array uncertainty can make this theoretical performance even worse than that of conventional beamforming. To increase its robustness against array uncertainty, many methods [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] were presented from different perspectives. Most of these methods could be essentially classified as diagonal loading methods, and they have a common defect that how to choose an optimal loading value to calculate weight are not clearly illustrated.…”