“…I. Orfanoudakis is with the Electrical and Computer Engineering department at the Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 71410 (e-mail: gorfas@hmu.gr). applied in the past are gradually substituted by vector control approaches, for which sensorless operation is mandatory due to the difficulty of transmitting the position information over long distances [2], [3], [5], [6], [8], [9], [10], [11].…”