2019
DOI: 10.1002/aic.16582
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Gain scheduling PID control for directed self‐assembly of colloidal particles in microfluidic devices

Abstract: Directed self-assembly provides a promising route to fabricate small-scale structures for various engineering applications. The use of the external fields of variable strength and frequency allows for active controls to be implemented. For assembling specific structural features, precise control over a local particle density is often needed, which can be achieved using feedback control. However, the strong nonlinear behavior of directed self-assembly complicates such control. In this work, a gain-scheduling fe… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…PID control, an engineering tool commonly used to fix system behavior at a previously-identified set point, was applied to control the electric field voltage and frequency needed to keep particle density constant in microfluidic colloidal self-assembly. 93 DoE has also been used to identify optimal conditions for liposome production. 94 Integration with ML can significantly increase the breadth and complexity of intelligent microfluidic operation, streamlining the operation of expert devices.…”
Section: Microfluidic Controlmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PID control, an engineering tool commonly used to fix system behavior at a previously-identified set point, was applied to control the electric field voltage and frequency needed to keep particle density constant in microfluidic colloidal self-assembly. 93 DoE has also been used to identify optimal conditions for liposome production. 94 Integration with ML can significantly increase the breadth and complexity of intelligent microfluidic operation, streamlining the operation of expert devices.…”
Section: Microfluidic Controlmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A fundamental understanding obtained through modeling would be a pathway towards achieving specific microstructures with targeted properties. Such process control strategies could be developed using real-time field actuation to direct particle assembly [ 224 , 225 , 226 ], gain-scheduling policies that maximize particle packing [ 227 , 228 , 229 ], or the identification of an open-loop strategy that would achieve a desired order parameter, such as the degree of hexagonal close-packing [ 230 , 231 ].…”
Section: Future Directions and Conclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The overall PID control function is where K c is the proportional term, τ I is the integral time, and τ D is the derivative time.…”
Section: Proposed Experimental Setup Mathematical Modeling and Controlmentioning
confidence: 99%