Gait and jump analysis in healthy cats using a pressure mat system

Stadig, Sarah; Bergh, Anna

doi:10.1177/1098612x14551588

Cited by 30 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This achievement was likely reliant on the fact that we only included cats walking in a straight line without instances of pausing or trotting. Moreover, we had also excluded measurements taken when a cat turned their head during the recorded gait cycle, in consideration of the data reported by Stadig and Bergh [16] which showed an increase in PFz of the fore limbs related to the side that the head was positioned towards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigations using PSWs have shown PFz for the forelimbs as ranging between 48.2% and 62.0% Bodymass (BM) [11–15] and for the hind limbs as ranging between 38.3% and 50.2% BM [11, 13, 15], and IFz for the fore limbs as ranging between 12.7% and 18.9% BM [11–15] and for the hind limbs as ranging between 13.1% and 14.6% BM [11, 13, 15]. Moreover, in the study of distribution of vertical force within feline paws, Stadig and Bergh [16] showed that the mean weight during a strike is transferred from the caudal towards the craniomedial part of the paw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coefficients of variation of ground reaction force measurement in cats

2017

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Gait analysis has been extensively performed in dogs and horses; however, very little is known about feline biomechanics. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to determine the coefficient of variation (CV) among three ground reaction force (GRF) measurements taken for 15 client-owned European shorthaired cats without a training period and a short acclimatisation time. Gait was measured as each cat walked across a pressure-sensitive walkway, and measurements were made three times over a multi-week period (range: 2 to 17 weeks). The parameters evaluated were peak vertical force (PFz), vertical impulse (IFz), stance phase duration (SPD), step length (SL), paw contact area (PCA) and symmetry index (SI%) of the front and hind limbs. After averaging each of the values from the three measurements, the CV and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for all parameters. PFz showed the lowest CV (~ 3%), while IFz showed the highest CV (~11%) when normalised to body mass. When the GRFs were normalised to total force, the CV of PFz dropped to ~2% and that of IFz dropped to ~3%. The CV of SL and PCA were lower (~6% respectively ~5%) compared to the CV for SPD (~10%). The SI% for both PFz and IFz were comparable to the values reported in the gait analysis literature for dogs. Results of the current study indicate that gait analysis of cats using pressure-sensitive walkways produces reliable data and is a promising approach for evaluation of lameness. The results also suggest that PFz may be a more reliable parameter than IFz and that normalisation to percent of total force may aid in interpretation of the evaluated data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coefficients of variation of ground reaction force measurement in cats

2017

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“…However, although several reports have evaluated gait symmetry and limb loading in cats, some of them have accepted the data generated even if a limb only contacted the walkway once or twice [26, 28] and wide ranges of velocity are accepted [19]. The present study highlighted the difficulty in collecting walking data from freely moving cats as velocity cannot be easily controlled, and in some cases, cats in the saline treatment group refused to walk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…One objective method to evaluate pain is gait analysis, which is only relevant if the origin of the pain affects gait. Pressure sensing platforms, or pressure sensitive walkways (PSW) have been investigated for the measurement of limb use in cats [19, 20] and used for the evaluation of limb use following onychectomy [21]. It is difficult to collect high quality limb use data when relying solely on cats freely walking across a PSW in a straight line (unpublished observations).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot evaluation of a novel unilateral onychectomy model and efficacy of an extended release buprenorphine product

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transdermal fentanyl patches, and transmucosal buprenorphine are probably the most commonly used options for providing post-operative analgesia in the early at-home period. However, these require daily administration or are associated with abuse concerns. One of the significant unmet needs in veterinary surgery and pain management is for longer acting opioids for cats to effectively bridge the gap between the in-hospital and at-home recovery periods.A proof of concept study of an extended release formulation of buprenorphine HCL (ER-Bup) was conducted using objective kinetic measures and a unilateral onychectomy model. Using a blinded, randomized, two period crossover design, four cats were allocated to control (saline) or ER-Bup (0.6 mg/kg, subcutaneously [SC]) treatment groups. All animals underwent a unilateral forelimb onychectomy per period with a washout/recovery period in between. Observational pain scores and kinetic data (using a pressure sensitive walkway [PSW]) were collected prior to (baseline) and at intervals for 72 h following surgery. Symmetry indices were derived for kinetic variables (peak vertical force [PVF]; vertical impulse [VI]) of each forelimb for landing following a jump and for walking. A rescue analgesic protocol was in place. Effect of surgery and treatment were evaluated using a mixed model statistical approach.ResultsNo cats required rescue analgesics based on subjective pain score. ER-Bup had a positive influence on subjective pain scores during the 72 h postsurgery (p = 0.0473). PVF and VI of the operated limb were significantly decreased for both landing (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and walking (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 respectively) compared to control. ER-Bup resulted in significantly decreased asymmetry in limb use during landing (PVF, p < 0.0001; VI, p < 0.0001) and walking (PVF, p = 0.0002, VI, p < 0.0001). The novel use of data collected following a jump from an elevated platform appeared to provide all desired information and was easier to collect than walking data.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that SC administration of ER-Bup may be an effective analgesic for a 72 h period postoperatively. Furthermore, landing onto a PSW from an elevated perch may be a useful and efficient way to assess analgesics in cats using a unilateral model of limb pain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0943-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Bilateral scapular luxation, and subsequent stabilisation, following surgical excision of recurrent interscapular feline injection site sarcoma

Gosling,

Frapwell

2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 14‐year‐old cat presented with multifocal local recurrence of an interscapular feline injection site sarcoma. Aggressive surgical excision of the initial neoplasm had been performed 16 months previously. Distant metastasis was not identified on repeat staging, and the recurrent gross disease was surgically removed with a 2‐cm peripheral margin and one deep tissue plane, resulting in clear histopathological margins. Bilateral dorsal scapular luxation occurred following this surgery, causing significant patient morbidity. A further procedure was performed to stabilise the scapulae by re‐attaching the serratus ventralis muscles and placing scapulo‐costal sutures. The cat regained excellent function and quality of life and is free of gross disease at the time of writing this report, 9 months following surgery for feline injection site sarcoma recurrence.

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Gait and jump analysis in healthy cats using a pressure mat system

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Coefficients of variation of ground reaction force measurement in cats

Coefficients of variation of ground reaction force measurement in cats

Pilot evaluation of a novel unilateral onychectomy model and efficacy of an extended release buprenorphine product

Bilateral scapular luxation, and subsequent stabilisation, following surgical excision of recurrent interscapular feline injection site sarcoma

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