Galactomannans for Entrapment of Gliomastix murorum Laccase and Their Use in Reactive Blue 2 Decolorization

Abstract

In the present study, a novel laccase from ascomycete Gliomastix murorum was produced in agro-industrial wastes and entrapped in galactomannan beads for Reactive Blue 2 (Rb-2) decolorization. The maximum laccase production in agave bagasse-based medium occurred at 72 h (1798.6 UL−1). Entrapped laccase decolorized ˃80% of 0.5 mM Rb-2 in 2 h without the addition of redox mediator. Km for Rb-2 substrate was 1.42 mM, with a Vmax of 1.19 µmol min−1 for entrapped laccase. Galactomannan matrices produce stability to acid pH (2–5) and temperatures from 20–70 °C. Reusability assays showed that entrapped laccase could retain efficient Rb-2 decolorization of ˃80% six times. In general, galactomannan used for entrapment of laccase provides economic advantages in large-scale wastewater treatment due to its natural origin and efficient results.

Colonization and Biodegradation Potential of Fungal Communities on Immersed Polystyrene vs. Biodegradable Plastics: A Time Series Study in a Marina Environment

“…The genus Gliomastix gathers ubiquist species retrieved in both terrestrial and marine habitats [ 19 ]. The ability of this genus to biodegrade plastic has not yet been investigated, to the best of our knowledge, even if one laccase, also known to be involved in plastic degradation (e.g., [ 77 ]), from this species has been isolated and described but only in the frame of dye decolorization [ 78 ].…”

Laccase Immobilization Using Polymeric Supports for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review

“…supporting material, although free laccase achieved faster 100% dye degradation than that of immobilized. [109] Adsorptive removal is restricted by contact time due to the limited availability of binding sites, which could be enhanced by the catalytic degradation of laccase. Unfortunately, investigations on this phenomenon are still underreported.…”

“…This is observed in a published report where the supporting material achieved removal saturation at 2 h, while with immobilized laccase, the time to saturation extended to 12 h. [ 96 ] Similar trend was also observed in a study using galactomannan as a supporting material, although free laccase achieved faster 100% dye degradation than that of immobilized. [ 109 ] Adsorptive removal is restricted by contact time due to the limited availability of binding sites, which could be enhanced by the catalytic degradation of laccase. Unfortunately, investigations on this phenomenon are still underreported.…”

“…[ 15 ] Laccase immobilized into galactomannan has higher thermal stability as compared with free laccase. [ 109 ] Investigation on laccase immobilization into glutaraldehyde‐cross‐linked chitosan reveals that the optimum enzymatic activity of immobilized laccase occurs at a higher temperature than that of free laccase (50 vs 35 °C). [ 18 ] This suggests that the enzymatic activity which is priorly limited by the thermal denaturation could be overcome by the exterior protection of immobilizing polymers.…”

Environmental applications of immobilized and bio-resourced redox mediators: A Review

“…In biological systems, entrapment has been traditionally considered for the physical retention or fixation of microorganisms and/or enzymes by polymeric carriers such as alginate, nanomaterials, silica gel, polyacrylamide, gelatin, polyion complex, and so on (Moyo et al 2012;Romero-Soto et al 2021). This method keeps the suspended cells and/or enzymes trapped in a porous solid matrix and thus condenses them, preventing their washout or loss from environmental systems or developing enzyme electrodes/biosensors for bioelectrochemical systems (Sakurada et al 2017).…”