Galactopoietic Activity of Purified Anterior Pituitary Growth Hormone

Cotes, P. Mary; Crichton, J. A.; Folley, S. J.; Young, F. G.

doi:10.1038/164992a0

Cited by 75 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Comment: These results confirm the conclusion of (Lyons et al 1955) but more particularly because it is known that the administration of growth hormone to animals in declining lactation leads to a resurgence of milk production (Cotes et al 1949 (Birmingham) There is an extensive literature on the early work on antibodies or antihormones to gonadotrophins which has been fully reviewed by Zondek & Sulman (1942) and by Evans & Simpson (1950). Interest in the subject has been renewed by the preparation of -purer hormones and by more recent developments in immunological techniques (Henry & van Dyke 1958).…”

Section: Immunoassay Of Growth Hormone In Human Serumsupporting

confidence: 75%

Immunoassay of Growth Hormone in Human Serum

Ehrlich

Randle

1961

The Lancet

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Section: Immunoassay Of Growth Hormone In Human Serumsupporting

confidence: 75%

Immunoassay of Growth Hormone in Human Serum

Ehrlich

Randle

1961

The Lancet

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“…However, GH, as commonly extracted, possesses several other biological activities (Machlin, 1976) and it has yet to be established that the ability of the hormone to increase milk production is solely related to its growth-promoting activity. On the contrary, it has been suggested that the milk-stimulating activity of bGH is a function of its diabetogenic and/or lipolytic activity (Cotes, Crichton, Folley and Young, 1949;Bauman, Steinhour, Peel, Tyrrell, Brown, Reynolds and Haaland, 1982b;Hart, 1983). For this reason, these data have been compared with those of others on the basis of the quantity of hormone injected rather than its biological activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of injecting or infusing low doses of bovine growth hormone on milk yield, milk composition and the quantity of hormone in the milk serum of cows

Hart¹,

Bines²,

James³

et al. 1985

Anim. Sci.

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The effects of administering bovine growth hormone (bGH) on milk production in cattle were examined in two experiments.In experiment 1, a Latin-square design, three groups of four Friesian cows were injected daily with one of two doses of bGH (6 ng/kg and 30 ug/kg; 0·82 unit/mg) or with saline (control) throughout three successive 21-day periods in mid-lactation. At 30 ug/kg daily bGH stimulated a significant increase in milk yield (P < 0·001) and this response increased with the duration of treatment. Changes in the yields of milk fat, protein and lactose closely followed the changes in milk production. The concentrations of milk fat (P < 0·05) and protein (P < 0·05) rose and fell respectively during the 1st week of injections.' A daily dose of 6 ug/kg bGH failed to stimulate an increase in milk yield but milk lactose content was reduced (P < 0·05) during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of treatment. The proportion of milk serum samples containing detectable quantities of the hormone was increased by the higher dose of bGH.In experiment 2 the milk yields of four Friesian cows were measured when bGH (21·0 to 37·9 mg/day) or saline was infused intravenously for 6 days. The infusions produced up to eight-fold increases in plasma bGH. These were within physiological limits, and remained at elevated levels throughout the 24-h period. Three of the cows demonstrated a clear increase in milk production.

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“…These frndings were confirmed by researchers in the United Kingdom (Folley and Young 1940), who also showed that the galactopoietic effect was particularly dramatic during declining lactation and that diminishing returns in milk yields were obtained beyond a certain dose of the injected extract (Folley and Young 1945). Shortly after, the galactopoietic component of the extracts was identihed as anterior pituitary GH (Young 1947;Cotes et aL. 1949).…”

Section: Production Performance Of Dairy Cows Treated With Growth mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, high insulin concentrations are negatively correlated with milk yield (reviewed by Sartin et al 1988;Collier et al 1989) and, despite its requirement during lactogenesis, administration of insulin into lactating animals dramatically depresses milk yield as glucose is utilized by peripheral tissues (Collier et al 1989). Progression ofnatural lactation is also associated with increased glucose sparing by peripheral tissues because the insulin responsiveness to elevated blood glucose is reduced (Sano et al 1993) and tissues such as adipose and skeletal muscle become progressively resistant to insulin (Wilson and Foster 1985;McNamara et al 1987;Vernon and Sasaki 1991 Treatment of lactating cows with exogenous bovine GH has been shown to augment insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (Sechen et al 1990) with accompanying hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia (Cotes et al 1949;Bourne et al 1977), and increased persistency of lactation (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Effects Of Growth Hormone On Body Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bovine growth hormone

Burton¹,

McBride²,

Block³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

132

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. 74: 16'7-201. Unprecedented numbers of technical papers, abstracts, and short communications have been published in the past decade regarding the effects of exogenous bovine growth hormone on milk production, health, and reproductive efficiency of treated dairy cows. In well-managed dairy herds, exogenous growth hormone increases milk production without altering normal variability in milk composition. This has held true regardless of dairy breed tested, geographical location studied, or feeding management system used. Also consistent across studies is the rapidity of the galactopoietic effect of administered bovine growth hormone, which arises from altered partitioning and use of post-absorptive nutrients and increased synthetic capacity of the mammary gland. Growth hormone and its associated peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I, are now known to provide chronic lipolytic, diabetogenic, and gluconeogenic signals to target tissues culminating in increased mammary gland availability of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids. Together with yet ill-defined effects on mammary secretory tissue, this homeorhetic control of metabolism elicited by exogenous growth hormone is so efficient that treated cows are not more susceptible to metabolic disorders than untreated cows. However, some studies have reported an increased frequency of mastitis in groups of treated cows. This has been attributed mainly to increased milk volume in the mammary glands of treated cows and no convincing data are available that show decreased mammary gland immunity as a result of growth hormone treatments. On the contrary, an expanding body of evidence implicates growth hormone as a key neuroendocrine factor that is required for immunological competence. Trends of decreased reproductive efficiency in cows treated with growth hormone have also been reported, but available data imply that this is probably an indirect effect via prolonged negative energy balance in cows treated in early lactation rather than a direct negative effect on estrous cycling via altered reproductive hormone profiles. The objectives of the present review are to bring into focus and summarize pertinent biological discoveries regarding the treatment of dairy cows with recombinant bovine growth hormone, and to explore areas where additional growth hormone research is needed or warranted.Key words: Growth hormone, somatotropin, dairy cows, insulin-like growth factor-I Burton, J. L., McBride, B. W., Block, E., Glimm, D. et Kennelly,E. 1994. L'horrnone de croissance bovinemais au point bibliographique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 74: . D'innombrables m6moires techniques, r6sum6s analytiques et communications brdves ont 6t6 publi6s dans la dernidre d6cennie au sujet des effets de I'hormone de croissance bovine exogdne sur la production laitidre, sur la sant6 et sur les fonctions de reproduction des vaches laitidres trait6es. Dans les 6levages laitiers bien conduits, la GH exogbne accroit la production de lait sans modifier la variabilit6 normale de sa composition, et cela inddpendamme...

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Galactopoietic Activity of Purified Anterior Pituitary Growth Hormone

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Immunoassay of Growth Hormone in Human Serum

Immunoassay of Growth Hormone in Human Serum

The effect of injecting or infusing low doses of bovine growth hormone on milk yield, milk composition and the quantity of hormone in the milk serum of cows

A review of bovine growth hormone

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