Galaktose-1-phosphat als Inhibitor von Polysaccharid-Synthesen h�herer Pflanzen

Göring, H.; Reckin, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00593418

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, Gal has been reported to inhibit cell wall biosynthesis specifically in many monocotyledonous plants such as oat, maize and barley (Göring and Reckin 1968;Inouhe et al 1987;Yamamoto et al 1988). In oat coleoptiles, Gal is rapidly converted to Gal-1-phosphate by galactokinase activity, Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Different effects of galactose and mannose on cell proliferation and intracellular soluble sugar levels in Vigna angularis suspension cultures

et al. 2007

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Plant cells utilize various sugars as carbon sources for growth, respiration and biosynthesis of cellular components. Suspension-cultured cells of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) proliferated actively in liquid growth medium containing 1% (w/v) sucrose, glucose, fructose, arabinose or xylose, but did not proliferate in medium containing galactose or mannose. These two latter sugars thus appeared distinct from other sugars used as growth substrates. Galactose strongly inhibited cell growth even in the presence of sucrose but mannose did not, suggesting a substantial difference in their effects on cell metabolism. Analysis of intracellular soluble-sugar fractions revealed that galactose, but not mannose, caused a conspicuous decrease in the cellular level of sucrose with no apparent effects on the levels of glucose or fructose. Such a galactose-specific decrease in sucrose levels also occurred in cells that had been cultured together with glucose in place of sucrose, suggesting that galactose inhibits the biosynthesis, rather than uptake, of sucrose in the cells. By contrast, mannose seemed to be metabolically inert in the presence of sucrose. From these results, we conclude that sucrose metabolism is important for the heterotrophic growth of cells in plant suspension-cultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Different effects of galactose and mannose on cell proliferation and intracellular soluble sugar levels in Vigna angularis suspension cultures

et al. 2007

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“…Galactose can be obtained from the raffinose pathway and the breakdown of glucose (Figure 4). Some studies presented that galactose could inhibit cell wall biosynthesis in plants [36] and decrease the level of sucrose [37]. Mannose can affect gas exchange and decrease the photosynthetic capacity in plants [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolites between Lonicera japonica and Lonicera macranthoides Based on GC-MS

Liu

Deng

Lin

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LJ) and Lonicera macranthoides Hand. -Mazz. (LM) have been widely used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Although the morphological characteristics of LJ and LM are quite similar, there are significant distinctions of medicinal ingredients (mainly the secondary metabolites) and clinical indications between them. However, the in-depth differences of primary metabolites have not thoroughly been studied yet. Therefore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry- (GC-MS-) based metabolomics method combined with chemometric methods were performed to analyze the distinction in this study. The results showed that LJ and LM were obviously classified into two groups. 10 metabolites were obtained as biomarkers on account of their p values, pcorr values, and differing variable importance in projection (VIP) values. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the galactose metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism gathered as potential pathways caused these extraordinary differences of primary metabolites between LJ and LM. Further, we found that the differences of main medicinal ingredients between LJ and LM could be interpreted from these metabolites according to the analysis of mainly related pathways. The metabolites involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism presented upregulated in LJ, while almost all metabolites in the galactose metabolism, the TCA cycle, and the phenolic acid part of phenylpropanoid metabolism were downregulated in LJ. Therefore, the energy stored in the starch and sucrose metabolism may be saved to produce flavonoid, which could be the reason that the level of flavonoid of phenylpropanoid metabolism is higher in LJ compared to LM. Consequently, this study presented an effective tool for quality evaluation of LJ and LM and laid a foundation for further studies of the metabolic mechanisms and high-quality manufacturing of them.

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“…Galactose also inhibits the elongation of excised segments ofoat coleoptiles (15,19,30,31). Goring and Reckin (1 1,12) proposed that the inhibitory effect ofgalactose on the growth of maize roots is caused by interference with glucose utilization necessary for the cell wall synthesis, as was originally suggested by Ordin and Bonner (19). Ray (21) and Yamamoto and Masuda (30) confirmed that galactose suppressed cell wall synthesis in oat coleoptile segments (21,30 (15) further demonstrated that galactose inhibits cell wall synthesis by lowering the UDP-glucose level in oat coleoptiles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Acid-Enhanced Elongation of Zea mays Root Segments by Galactose

Tanimoto¹,

Scott²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of sugars and metabolic inhibitors on the elongation of Zea mays root segments was analyzed by a rhizometer which records the elongation of each of 32 root segments at the same time. Galactose suppressed the acid-enhanced rapid elongation after a lag period of 1.5 hours, but it did not inhibit the slow elongation at pH 7. Mannose was less inhibitory than galactose.Arabinose, xylose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol caused no inhibition. When galactose was removed after a 1-hour treatment, the elongation was partially recovered. Cycloheximide and 2-deoxyglucose suppressed acid-enhanced elongation when these were applied at the same time as acid treatments, whereas cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) inhibited elongation only if it was applied prior to acid treatment. Over the 9-hour period of elongation studied, the inhibition by galactose was comparable to that of cycloheximide. Since galactose has been reported to suppress the sugar metabolism necessary for the cell wall synthesis, the later phase of acid-enhanced elongation of root segments may at least partially depend on the synthesis or metabolism of cell wall components. The inhibition of root growth by galactose may be partially ascribed to a direct effect on the elongation process in roots, an effect that is enhanced by the acidification of the cell walls.Galactose is known to inhibit root growth in many plant species, such as wheat (3, 16), maize (1 1, 12), pea (16), and tomato (14). Galactose also inhibits the elongation of excised segments ofoat coleoptiles (15,19,30,31 The purpose ofthis study was to ascertain whether the acidinduced elongation process per se is sensitive to galactose and, if so, whether the senstivity bears a causal relationship to the inhibition of root growth by galactose. In each experiment, the elongation kinetics of large samples of root segments was measured simultaneously using the rhizometer (26-29). MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialCaryopses of Zea mays cv Sweetom 102 were surfacesterilized in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution and imbibed in running tap water at 20°C for 20 h. Swollen caryopses were then placed on the frames of acrylic plates sided by wet filter paper as described previously (25,26), and these frames were kept in a humid box in the dark for 42 h at 23°C.For long-term elongation (20 h), 5 mm segments were excised from selected straight roots (22 ± 2 mm) at 1 mm behind the tip, preincubated in distilled water for 1.5 h, and then treated with or without sugars at pH 4 or at pH 7. Citrate-sodium phosphate (1-2 mM) buffer was used at pH 4 and pH 7. Lots of 30 root segments were gently shaken with 20 mL buffer solution in a Petri dish (12 cm) at 23°C in room light, and the length of the segments was measured with a low power microscope after treatment.For the time course experiments (10 h), 7 mm segments were excised from 22 ± 2-mm long roots 1 mm behind the tip and mounted on the root holders with the apical end down as indicated in Figure 1. The basal end of the holder was filled with 0

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Galaktose-1-phosphat als Inhibitor von Polysaccharid-Synthesen h�herer Pflanzen

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Different effects of galactose and mannose on cell proliferation and intracellular soluble sugar levels in Vigna angularis suspension cultures

Different effects of galactose and mannose on cell proliferation and intracellular soluble sugar levels in Vigna angularis suspension cultures

Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolites between Lonicera japonica and Lonicera macranthoides Based on GC-MS

Inhibition of Acid-Enhanced Elongation of Zea mays Root Segments by Galactose

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