Galanin in neuro(glio)genesis: expression of galanin and receptors by progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro and effects of galanin on neurosphere proliferation

Shen, Peiyan; Yuan, Chonggang; Ma, Ji; Cheng, Shuai; Yao, May; Turnley, Ann M.; Gundlach, Andrew L.

doi:10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.021

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Finally, given that the proliferating oligodendrocyte cell line CG4 expresses GalR2 mRNA [19], it is also possible that OPCs or oligodendrocytes could express galanin receptors, and thus autocrine or paracrine effects of galanin secretion in the oligodendrocyte lineage itself are possible and plausible. For example, in chronic, active, demyelinated MS lesions, remyelination depends on OPC migration into the demyelinated lesion, differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes and, finally, elaboration of new myelin membrane.…”

Section: Potential Roles For Glial Galanin Expression In Limiting Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2005, we reported the temporally restricted expression of galanin mRNA in the corpus callosum [19]. In a developmental time-course study of sagittal brain sections taken at postnatal days 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40, using in situ hybridization, corpus callosal galanin expression was detected from postnatal day 10 (P10), peaked at P20 and was almost undetectable by P40.…”

Section: White Matter Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galanin in Glia: Expression and Potential Roles in the CNS

Butzkueven

Gundlach

2010

Experientia Supplementum

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The roles of galanin in central nervous system (CNS) development and the normal adult CNS have been extensively reviewed in this volume and elsewhere. There is also ample evidence that galanin expression is induced following neural injury in the CNS, and has neuroprotective properties separate from its role in normal physiology. Although strong injury-mediated up-regulation of galanin occurs in neurons, there is increasing evidence, accumulated over almost two decades, that glial cells can express galanin in the injured brain and during white matter development. In this chapter, we review the available evidence and canvas the potential functional significance of glial galanin expression.Keywords Cerebral ischemia Á Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Á Galanin Á Multiple sclerosis Á NG2 cell surface proteoglycan Á Neural and glial plasticity Á Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell Experimental Central Nervous System InjuryA number of different experimental CNS insults result in increased glial galanin expression. The earliest experiments demonstrating this were reported by Hökfelt and co-workers in 1990, using intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of colchicine [1].

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Section: Potential Roles For Glial Galanin Expression In Limiting Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Matter Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin in Glia: Expression and Potential Roles in the CNS

Butzkueven

Gundlach

2010

Experientia Supplementum

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“…Conventional reports focus on the hippocampus, but more investigations have started to look at other subcortical areas, such as the corpus callosum and subventricular zone, where there also exists high neuroplastic potential extending into the postnatal and adult period [4][5][6] . Moreover, oligodendrocyte lineage precursors have been demonstrated to migrate from different parts of the telencephalic ventricular zone towards various neural segments in waves beginning in the late gestation [4] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous investigations concerning the different oligodendrocyte lineage cells have reported that these genes are regulators of growth ( Igfbp-1 , Igfbp-3 , and Igfbp-6 ) and have neuroprotective properties (Galr1 , Galr2 , and Fgf2) among which include the prevention of demyelination and the enhancement of neurogenesis after injury [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antenatal Steroid Therapy on Neurodevelopment in an IUGR Mouse Model

et al. 2010

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Background/Objective: To investigate the neurodevelopmental response in postnatal mice secondary to antenatal steroid treatment in association with maternal protein restriction. Methods: C57BL/6N pregnant mice (n = 24; 4 per treatment group) were administered control (C) or protein-restricted (PR) diets and subjected to daily subcutaneous injection stress during late gestation (E10–E17) with either 100 µl/kg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in normosaline (C-D/S, PR-D/S) or normosaline alone (C-S, PR-S). Non-treatment groups were also included (C, PR). Brain samples of pups were collected on postnatal day 7 and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Results: Neonatal weights in the treatment groups were smaller than their counterparts in the C group, but there were no significant differences in brain size. Immunohistochemical evaluation of neuroglial cells revealed a pronounced effect of protein restriction on oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells with distinct fetal responses to stress and dexamethasone. Further evaluation using quantitative RNA analysis showed significant activation of Galr1, Galr2, Igfbp-1, Igfbp-3, Igfbp-6, and Fgf2 by 1- to 2.5-fold in the PR-D/S group and by much higher increments, 1- to 10.5-fold, in the PR-S group. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation revealed the possible role of dexamethasone in further increasing vulnerability to cell damage in injury-prone neuroglial cells. The distribution of key glial markers and the overexpression of several neurotrophic factors depicted ongoing cellular adaptation.

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“…different trophic effects have been ascribed to different receptor types. for instance, due to its binding to Galr1 and Galr2/3, respectively, galanin shows antiproliferative effects on cultured neural stem cells and Pc12 cell lines, while in the B104 neuroblastoma cell line it has proliferative action (46,47). Galanin has also been demonstrated to modulate plasticity mechanisms in hippocampal ca1 neurons through the reduction of long-term potentiation (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and distribution of galanin receptor subtypes in the rat carotid body

Porzionato

Macchi²,

Barzon³

et al. 2009

Mol Med Rep

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Abstract. Galanin is a 29 amino acid neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the nervous system and acts by binding to three G protein-coupled receptors (Galr1, Galr2 and Galr3). in the literature, the presence of galanin has been reported in nerve fibers innervating the rat carotid body; however, direct evidence of the different galanin receptor subtypes expressed in carotid body cells has yet to be provided. in the present study, we investigated the presence and location of the three galanin receptor subtypes in 12 rat carotid bodies through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR identified Galr1 and Galr2 mrna, with Galr2 gene expression being 100 times higher than that of the Galr1 gene. Galr3 mrna was not detected. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the mean number of Galr1-and Galr2-positive type i cells (40.5±15.5 vs. 37.1±13.2%). anti-Galr3 immunohistochemistry did not identify positive cells in the carotid body. Type ii cells were negative for the three galanin receptor subtypes. Our findings suggest that galanin may play a neuromodulator or trophic role in type i cells by binding to Galr1 and Galr2. IntroductionGalanin is a 29 amino acid neuropeptide initially isolated from porcine intestine (1) and widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. Galanin has been found to regulate many different functions in the central nervous system, such as energy and osmotic homeostasis, arousal/ sleep regulation, reproduction, nociception and cognition.Three G protein-coupled receptors (Galr1, Galr2 and GalR3) have been identified (2-5). These show low sequence similarities, but are highly conserved between species (6). GalR1 and GalR2 show similar affinity towards galanin, whereas the affinity of GalR3 is lower (7). The three galanin receptor subtypes show distinct but overlapping expression patterns in the central and peripheral nervous system. Galr1 expression is higher in olfactory structures and subregions of the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, medulla and spinal cord. Galr2 shows the highest expression levels in the hippocampus (mainly dentate gyrus and CA3 field) and hypothalamus (supraoptic, arcuate and mammillary nuclei). Galr3 expression in the central nervous system is lower and mainly limited to the hypothalamus and areas of the mid-and hindbrain (7). Galanin-like peptide (GalP) is another endogenous ligand for galanin receptors that was originally identified in porcine hypothalamus and the gastrointestinal tract (8). its gene shows a similar structural organization to the galanin gene. The binding affinity of GALP has been reported to be the highest for Galr3, followed by Galr2 (9).The carotid body is a small ellipsoid tissue mass located at the carotid bifurcation. it is an arterial chemoreceptor that induces increases in ventilatory volume and frequency in response to hypoxia, hypercapnia, or reduction of blood pH. The carotid body is organized in lobules separated by thin connective septa. The cells...

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Galanin in neuro(glio)genesis: expression of galanin and receptors by progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro and effects of galanin on neurosphere proliferation

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Galanin in Glia: Expression and Potential Roles in the CNS

Galanin in Glia: Expression and Potential Roles in the CNS

Effects of Antenatal Steroid Therapy on Neurodevelopment in an IUGR Mouse Model

Expression and distribution of galanin receptor subtypes in the rat carotid body

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