Galanin plays an important role in cancer invasiveness and is associated with poor prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer

Nagayoshi, Kinuko; Ueki, Takashi; Tashiro, Kosuke; Mizuuchi, Yusuke; Manabe, Tatsuya; Araki, Hiromitsu; Oda, Yoshinao; Kuhara, Satoru; Tanaka, Masao

doi:10.3892/or.2014.3660

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Kim et al (14) postulated that the CRC tumor was the source of the increased serum GAL concentration, as the levels of GAL mRNA were markedly increased in the CRC tumor; however, the concentration of the neuropeptide, GAL, was not measured (14). Similarly, Nagayoshi et al (21) reported that GAL mRNA levels in 112 tumor samples obtained from CRC patients were significantly higher than that in 27 normal colon mucosa samples; however, the concentration of GAL was not determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues

et al. 2016

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Galanin (GAL) is a 30-amino acid neuropeptide that is expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous system, including the enteric nervous system (ENS). Increased GAL concentrations have been identified in the blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of the present study was to assess whether sections of the colon wall containing ENS plexuses or CRC tumor are associated with increased GAL concentrations. Blood samples were collected from 68 CRC patients and 39 healthy volunteers. In addition, samples of CRC tumors and colon wall tissue in close proximity to and distant from the neoplastic tissue were obtained from 22 CRC patients. The GAL concentration of sera and tissue homogenates obtained from three sections of the colon wall (mucosa with submucosa, muscularis externa and CRC tumor) was analyzed by ELISA. The localization of GAL was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and morphometry was used to measure the distribution of GAL-immunoreactive (GAL-Ir) myenteric plexuses in the vicinity of cancer invasion and in sections of the colon wall distant from the tumor. The GAL serum concentration of CRC patients was 2.4 times higher than that of the control group. The GAL concentration was highest in the homogenates of neoplastic tissue and mucosa obtained from the control (distant) section of the intestinal wall, followed by that in the mucosa and muscularis externa proximal to the tumor. The lowest GAL concentrations were identified within the muscular layer of the colon wall located distant from the tumor. Strong GAL immunoreactivity was identified in the cancer cells, intestinal epithelium and the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Morphometric analysis revealed that the GAL-Ir myenteric plexuses in the vicinity of tumor infiltration were significantly smaller in size than those in the intact section of the large intestine. Furthermore, no associations were identified between the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients and GAL serum and tissue concentration. The increased GAL serum concentrations observed in CRC patients in comparison to healthy controls may result from GAL secretion by CRC tumors, however, other sources of GAL cannot be excluded. The atrophy of myenteric plexuses within close proximity to the tumor may affect the colon function of CRC patients. In conclusion, investigation into the presence of GAL in the colon wall and serum of CRC patients revealed that serum and tissue GAL levels may present useful potential biomarkers in CRC patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues

et al. 2016

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“…The high expression lever of GNRH1 49 , BRAF 50 , PSMD10 51 and VEGFA 52 closely correlated with the growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of OS. The high expression of GAL 53 , 54 , TNFRSF11B 55 and STC2 56 are linked to prostate cancer and colorectal cancer development and a worse prognosis. The abnormally high expression of BMP8A is an independent factor for the progression and poor prognosis of thyroid carcinoma 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel immune-related genes prognostic signature for osteosarcoma

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Immune-related genes (IRGs) are responsible for osteosarcoma (OS) initiation and development. We aimed to develop an optimal IRGs-based signature to assess of OS prognosis. Sample gene expression profiles and clinical information were downloaded from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. IRGs were obtained from the ImmPort database. R software was used to screen differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) and functional correlation analysis. DEIRGs were analyzed by univariate Cox regression and iterative LASSO Cox regression analysis to develop an optimal prognostic signature, and the signature was further verified by independent cohort (GSE39055) and clinical correlation analysis. The analyses yielded 604 DEIRGs and 10 hub IRGs. A prognostic signature consisting of 13 IRGs was constructed, which strikingly correlated with OS overall survival and distant metastasis (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and clinical subgroup showed that the signature’s prognostic ability was independent of clinicopathological factors. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses also supported its prognostic value. In conclusion, we developed an IRGs signature that is a prognostic indicator in OS patients, and the signature might serve as potential prognostic indicator to identify outcome of OS and facilitate personalized management of the high-risk patients.

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that the relative frequency of GAL-IR neurons inside MP increase in the human colon and stomach wall affected by cancer [ 11 , 15 ]. Moreover, an increase in GAL expression, similar to CART, may be associated with poor prognosis of CRC [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Patterns of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript- and/or Galanin-Containing Neurons and Nerve Fibers Located in the Human Stomach Wall Affected by Tumor

Kozłowska

Godlewski

Majewski

2018

IJMS

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The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript- (CART-) and galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) neuronal structures in the human stomach wall, focusing on differences observed in regions directly affected by the cancer process, and those from the surgical margin. Samples from the stomach wall were collected from 10 patients (3 women and 7 men, the mean age 67.0 ± 11.9). Next, triple-immunofluorescence staining was used to visualize the changes in the frequency of neurons inside myenteric plexi and intramural fibers containing CART and/or GAL, as well as protein gene product 9.5 (as panneuronal marker). Tumor into the stomach wall caused a decrease in the number of CART-positive (+) nerve fibers in the longitudinal (LML) and circular muscle layers (CML). Notable changes in the dense network of CART+/GAL+ nerve fibers (an increase) were observed in the LML and lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) within carcinoma-affected areas of the human stomach. Additionally, an elevated number of these nerve fibers from LMM were accompanied by an increase in the number of fibers containing GAL in the vicinity of the neoplastic proliferation. Obtained results suggest that a carcinoma invasion may affect the innervation pattern of the human stomach wall and their function(s).

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Galanin plays an important role in cancer invasiveness and is associated with poor prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues

Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues

Development of a novel immune-related genes prognostic signature for osteosarcoma

Distribution Patterns of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript- and/or Galanin-Containing Neurons and Nerve Fibers Located in the Human Stomach Wall Affected by Tumor

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