Galaninergic intramural nerve and tissue reaction to antral ulcerations

Załęcki, Michał; Pidsudko, Zenon; Franke-Radowiecka, Amelia; Wojtkiewicz, Joanna; Kaleczyc, Jerzy

doi:10.1111/nmo.13360

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Further, numerous reports confirm the involvement of GAL in the control of inflammatory processes in the digestive tract [29,64]. An increase in the population of GAL-LI neurons was observed in structures of the ENS, as well as extrinsic sources of innervation of the GI tract, following colitis, gastric ulcers, hyperacidity of the stomach, and enteric Salmonella infection [24,[64][65][66]. Moreover, GAL triggers an immunological system response and modulates the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-8 [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Influence of Acrylamide Administration on the Neurochemical Characteristics of Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum

Palus¹,

Całka²

2019

IJMS

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The digestive tract, especially the small intestine, is one of the main routes of acrylamide absorption and is therefore highly exposed to the toxic effect of acrylamide contained in food. The aim of this experiment was to elucidate the effect of low (tolerable daily intake—TDI) and high (ten times higher than TDI) doses of acrylamide on the neurochemical phenotype of duodenal enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons using the pig as an animal model. The experiment was performed on 15 immature gilts of the Danish Landrace assigned to three experimental groups: control (C) group—pigs administered empty gelatine capsules, low dose (LD) group—pigs administered capsules with acrylamide at the TDI dose (0.5 μg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day), and the high dose (HD) group—pigs administered capsules with acrylamide at a ten times higher dose than the TDI (5 μg/kg b.w./day) with a morning feeding for 4 weeks. Administration of acrylamide, even in a low (TDI) dose, led to an increase in the percentage of enteric neurons immunoreactive to substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin (GAL), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT) in the porcine duodenum. The severity of the changes clearly depended on the dose of acrylamide and the examined plexus. The obtained results suggest the participation of these neuroactive substances in acrylamide-inducted plasticity and the protection of ENS neurons, which may be an important line of defence from the harmful action of acrylamide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Influence of Acrylamide Administration on the Neurochemical Characteristics of Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum

Palus¹,

Całka²

2019

IJMS

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“…Studies have demonstrated that galanin is widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract [2][3][4][5][6] and it is present both in the wall of gastrointestinal tract and the extrinsic nerves supplying the tract [7][8][9][10]. At the functional level, galanin plays a role in several biological processes in the digestive system [11][12][13][14] and, as demonstrated by the authors' previous studies, it modulates enteric nerve response to gastric ulcerations [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…20 kg, obtained from a commercial fattening farm, 14-260 Lubawa, Poland), focused on the intramural stomach neuron reaction to gastric ulcerations. The detailed descriptions of all experimental procedures are enclosed in these publications [15,16,49].…”

Section: Animals Used In the Study And Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, maldigestion etc., suggesting impaired autonomic control of the stomach function, likely coregulated by galanin. The authors' previous studies revealed a complex intramural galaninergic response to pathological changes (gastric ulceration, colitis) in porcine stomach and intestines, pointing to the role of galanin in the enteric nervous system plasticity [15,16,43,44]. Due to the crucial role of primary afferent vagal neurons in the extrinsic regulation of visceral reflexes [24], complementing the authors' previous studies, it was decided to examine changes in the number of galanin immunoreactive neurons in the nodose ganglia in the response to the disease (gastric ulcers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inferior vagal ganglion galaninergic response to gastric ulcers

et al. 2020

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Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in central and peripheral nerves and is known to be engaged in neuronal responses to pathological changes. Stomach ulcerations are one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Impaired stomach function in peptic ulcer disease suggests changes in autonomic nerve reflexes controlled by the inferior vagal ganglion, resulting in stomach dysfunction. In this paper, changes in the galaninergic response of inferior vagal neurons to gastric ulceration in a pig model of the disease were analyzed based on the authors’ previous studies. The study was performed on 24 animals (12 control and 12 experimental). Gastric ulcers were induced by submucosal injections of 40% acetic acid solution into stomach submucosa and bilateral inferior vagal ganglia were collected one week afterwards. The number of galanin-immunoreactive perikarya in each ganglion was counted to determine fold-changes between both groups of animals and Q-PCR was applied to verify the changes in relative expression level of mRNA encoding both galanin and its receptor subtypes: GalR1, GalR2, GalR3. The results revealed a 2.72-fold increase in the number of galanin-immunoreactive perikarya compared with the controls. Q-PCR revealed that all studied genes were expressed in examined ganglia in both groups of animals. Statistical analysis revealed a 4.63-fold increase in galanin and a 1.45-fold increase in GalR3 mRNA as compared with the controls. No differences were observed between the groups for GalR1 or GalR2. The current study confirmed changes in the galaninergic inferior vagal ganglion response to stomach ulcerations and demonstrated, for the first time, the expression of mRNA encoding all galanin receptor subtypes in the porcine inferior vagal ganglia.

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“…In several animal models of inflammation, expression of GAL 1 ‐R is elevated in peripheral tissue . In a porcine model of antral ulceration, elevation of GAL 1,2,3 ‐R was observed in stomach tissue, accompanied by acute inflammation . In a transgenic mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, overexpression of galanin led to abolishment of the disease, whereas a loss‐of‐function mutation in the galanin gene increased disease severity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the regulatory peptide galanin on cytokine expression in human monocytes

Ramspacher

Neudert

Koller

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Current research into neuropeptides is bringing to light many remarkable functions of these endocrine/neurocrine/paracrine factors, such as their roles in modulating immune responses. Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in both neural and non‐neural tissues and exerts its effects through three G protein–coupled receptors, GAL1,2,3‐R. It has been demonstrated that galanin has modulatory effects on immune cells, including neutrophils and natural killer cells. Because monocytes express GAL2‐R, and therefore are expected to be a target of galanin, we analyzed the effect of galanin on the expression of cytokines and chemokines by monocytes. Galanin increased the expression of IL‐1β up to 1.5‐fold, TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐18, and CCL3 up to twofold, and CXCL8 up to fourfold in nonactivated monocytes, but had no major effect on activated monocytes. A cross‐correlation analysis of cytokine expression profiles, irrespective of the activation status of the monocytes, revealed that galanin changed the cross‐correlation of the expression of certain cytokines. Galanin abolished several significant correlations in IFN‐γ–stimulated monocytes. For example, treatment with 10 nM galanin changed the Spearman's rank coefficient of IL‐18 and CXCL8 from 0.622 (P ≤ 0.01) to 0.126. These results further emphasize the importance of neuroregulatory peptides, such as galanin and their therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory diseases.

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Galaninergic intramural nerve and tissue reaction to antral ulcerations

Abstract: The results obtained unveiled the participation of galanin and galanin receptors in the stomach tissue response to antral ulcerations.

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Influence of Acrylamide Administration on the Neurochemical Characteristics of Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum

Influence of Acrylamide Administration on the Neurochemical Characteristics of Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum

Inferior vagal ganglion galaninergic response to gastric ulcers

Influence of the regulatory peptide galanin on cytokine expression in human monocytes

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