Galbut Virus Infection Minimally Influences Drosophila melanogaster Fitness Traits in a Strain and Sex-Dependent Manner

Cross, Shaun T.; Brehm, Ali L.; Dunham, Tillie J.; Rodgers, Case; Keene, Alexandra; Borlee, Grace I.; Stenglein, Mark D.

doi:10.3390/v15020539

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Both the viruses we isolated are positive-strand RNA viruses and belong to families of viruses that are widespread in insects. Using metagenomic sequencing and PCR screening, several studies have found that LJV is common in many wild Drosophila populations [5,7,11,[31][32][33]. It is a member of the Iflaviridae family, all members of which infect arthropods, including mosquitoes [34,35], leafhoppers [36] and hymenopterans [37][38][39].…”

Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern is exemplified by research on Drosophilidae, where metagenomic approaches have allowed the discovery of over 100 viruses, including many that infect D. melanogaster [2][3][4][5]. However, only a handful of these viruses have subsequently been isolated and studied in the laboratory [6][7][8]. Most virus research in Drosophila relies on viruses isolated decades ago [9], sometimes from other species of insect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other viruses like Drosophila A virus (DAV) and the DNA viruses Drosophila innubila Nudivirus (DiNV) and Kallithea virus reduce host fecundity and kill their hosts, albeit at a slower rate than typically reported for DCV [ 8 , 13 , 14 ]. Some viruses, such as galbut virus and sigma virus, have less obvious symptoms [ 7 , 15 ]. However, indirect estimates have suggested that even the sigma virus causes an ~20% reduction in the fitness of infected flies in the wild [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses

et al. 2023

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Metagenomic studies have demonstrated that viruses are extremely diverse and abundant in insects, but the difficulty of isolating them means little is known about the biology of these newly discovered viruses. To overcome this challenge in Drosophila, we created a cell line that was more permissive to infection and detected novel viruses by the presence of double-stranded RNA. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by isolating La Jolla virus (LJV) and Newfield virus (NFV) from several wild Drosophila populations. These viruses have different potential host ranges, with distinct abilities to replicate in five Drosophila species. Similarly, in some species they cause high mortality and in others they are comparatively benign. In three species, NFV but not LJV caused large declines in female fecundity. This sterilization effect was associated with differences in tissue tropism, as NFV but not LJV was able to infect Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. We saw a similar effect in the invasive pest of fruit crops Drosophila suzukii, where oral infection with NFV caused reductions in the fecundity, suggesting it has potential as a biocontrol agent. In conclusion, a simple protocol allowed us to isolate new viruses and demonstrate that viruses identified by metagenomics have a large effect on the fitness of the model organism D. melanogaster and related species.

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Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses

et al. 2023

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“…As for the Partitiviridae family, many of its genera have characteristic hosts, which can be plants (Deltapartitivirus), fungi (Gammapartitivirus) and protozoa (Cryspovirus). Many sequences of this family have also been identified in arthropods (Cross et al, 2023). Here we’ve identified one genus, Betapartitivirus, whose hosts can be plants and fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of RNA viruses in declining Mediterranean forests

Diez-Hermano,

Pérez-Alonso,

Morell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Global change alters forestry habitats and facilitates the entry of new pathogens that don’t share a co-evolution history with the forest, leading them into a spiral of decline. As a result, relationships between forests’ organisms get disbalanced. Under this scenario, RNA viruses are of particular interest, as they participate in many of such relationships thanks to their ability to infect a wide range of hosts, even from different kingdoms of life. For this reason, the study of RNA viruses is essential to understand how viral flow across different hosts might occur, and to prevent possible outbreaks of diseases in the future. In this work the RNA virus diversity found in trees, arthropods and fungi from declining Mediterranean forests is described. To this extent, three habitats (Quercus ilex, Castanea sativaandPinus radiata) were sampled and RNAseq was performed on tree tissues, arthropods and fungi. 146 viral sequences were detected by searching for matches to conserved motifs of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) using Palmscan. Up to 15 viral families were identified, with Botourmiaviridae (28.7%) and Partitiviridae (9.6%) being the most abundant. In terms of genome type, ssRNA(+) viruses were the most represented (83.5%), followed by dsRNA (15%) and two ssRNA(-) representatives. Viruses belonging to families with cross-kingdom capabilities such as Hypoviridae (1), Mitoviridae (6) and Narnaviridae (5) were also found. Distribution of viruses across ecosystems was:Q.ilex(57.5%),P.radiata(26.7%) andC.sativa(15.8%). Interestingly, two RdRP sequences had no matches in available viral databases. This work constitutes a starting point to gain insight into virus evolution and diversity occurring in forests affected by decline, as well as searching for novel viruses that might be participating in unknown infectious pathways.

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“…In contrast to these clear disease phenotypes, infection with the most common virus in wild Dmel populations – galbut virus – seems in previous studies to cause no significant decrease in average lifespan or total offspring production [22]. Other isolated Drosophila viruses have subtle pathologies, but can still result in a sizeable reduction in fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Naturally occurring viruses ofDrosophilareduce offspring number and lifespan

Wallace,

Obbard

2023

Preprint

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Drosophila remains a pre-eminent insect model system for host-virus interaction, but the host range and fitness consequences of the drosophilid virome are poorly understood. Metagenomic studies have reported over 160 viruses associated with Drosophilidae, but few isolates are available to characterise the Drosophila immune response, and most characterisation has relied on injection and systemic infection. Here we use a more natural infection route to characterise the fitness effects of infection and to study a wider range of viruses. We exposed laboratory D. melanogaster to 23 naturally occurring viruses from wild-collected drosophilids. We recorded transmission rates along with two components of female fitness: survival and the lifetime number of adult offspring produced. Nine different viruses transmitted during contact with laboratory D. melanogaster, although for the majority, rates of transmission were less than 20%. Five virus infections led to a significant decrease in lifespan (D. melanogaster nora virus, D. immigrans nora virus, Muthill virus, galbut virus and Prestney Burn virus), and three led to a reduction in the total number of offspring. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila model for community-level studies of host-virus interactions, and suggest that viral infection could be a substantial fitness burden on wild flies.

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Galbut Virus Infection Minimally Influences Drosophila melanogaster Fitness Traits in a Strain and Sex-Dependent Manner

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses

Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses

Diversity of RNA viruses in declining Mediterranean forests

Naturally occurring viruses ofDrosophilareduce offspring number and lifespan

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