Galectin-1 stimulates monocyte chemotaxis via the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway and a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway

Abstract

Galectin-1, the prototype of a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. Data presented herein show that galectin-1 stimulates monocyte migration in a dose-dependent manner but is not chemotactic for macrophages. Galectin-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis is blocked by lactose and inhibited by an anti-galectin-1 antibody but not by nonspecific antibodies. Furthermore, galectin-1-mediated monocyte migration was significantly inhibited by MEK inhibitors in a rapid, time-dependent manner suggesting that MAP kinase pathways are involved in galectin-1. Migration was also almost completely blocked by pertussis toxin implying G-protein involvement in the galectin-1-induced chemotaxis. These results demonstrate a role for galectin-1 in monocyte chemotaxis which differs from galectin-3 in that macrophages are nonresponsive. Furthermore, our observations suggest that galectin-1 may be involved in chemoattraction at sites of inflammation in vivo and may contribute to disease processes such as atherosclerosis.

Role of macrophages in Wallerian degeneration and axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury

“…The sciatic nerve injury-induced macrophage accumulation is inhibited in galectin-1-deficient mice [37]. The chemotactic function of galectin-1 on macrophages is also supported by the demonstration that injection of oxidized galectin-1 into intact nerve promotes the accumulation of macrophages [37], and galectin-1 enhances the migration of monocytes via p44/42 MAP kinase pathway [66]. Activation of the complement system is a crucial early event upon peripheral nerve injury [26,94], and the products of activated complement system exhibit a significant role in macrophage migration [8].…”

HERAFitter

“…The DPDFs [60,61] in HERAFitter are implemented as a sum of two factorised contributions: [62]. At LO the DY NC cross section triple differential in invariant mass m, boson rapidity y and lepton scattering angle cos θ in the parton centre-of-mass frame can be written as [63,64]:…”

PDFs and LHC data: current and future constraints

“…[59] for a thorough analysis. Only the W p T measurement from the 2010 run of the LHC at √ s =7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 31 pb −1 , has been included in the NNPDF3.0 analysis, while the Z measurements are left for future fits, once the higher statistics measurements at 7 and 8 TeV are going to be released.…”

“…It would be interesting to explore the effect of the data that measure the ratio of the W and Z distributions [63], as it is suggested in Ref. [59].…”