Gall Formers

Hurley, Brett Phillip; Dittrich-Schroder, Gudrun; Gevers, Caitlin R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0_14

Forest Entomology and Pathology 2023

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0_14

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Gall Formers

Brett Phillip Hurley

Gudrun Dittrich-Schroder

Caitlin R. Gevers

Abstract: Gall formers are among the most highly evolved herbivores. Several organisms induce gall formation including viruses, bacteria, mites and nematodes. Insects are one of the most dominant gall-forming groups, with estimates ranging from 21,000 to 211,000 species (Ciesla, Forest Entomology: a global perspective, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, 2011).

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2024

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Cited by 1 publication

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Host location of gall parasitoids—A case study using the Quadrastichus mendeli–Leptocybe invasa system

Huang,

Tang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Galls are thought to be induced by insects for protection, yet many gall‐forming insects experience heavy parasitization. Little is known about how parasitoids locate gall‐forming insects. Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an obligate ectoparasitoid of the larvae of Leptocybe invasa Fisher et La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which is an invasive gall‐forming pest in eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp., Myrtaceae) plantations. In this study, Q. mendeli and L. invasa were used to explore parasitoid behavior when locating gall‐forming insects. Our results revealed that host location by Q. mendeli involved five discrete steps: walking, resting or grooming, antennating, probing and stinging. Antennation was the most frequent behavior, accounting for about half of the total time. Host location behavior of Q. mendeli occurred in the photophase. Female Q. mendeli exhibited a clear circadian rhythm: Almost all behaviors occurred during the photophase, and behavior peaked at the sixth hour of the light phase. The olfactory response rates of Q. mendeli to volatiles from galls decreased significantly after their antennae were detached. However, there was no significant difference in the host location behavior of Q. mendeli after their eyes were obscured. Our results provide essential information to explore the host location mechanisms in gall parasitoids.

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Host location of gall parasitoids—A case study using the Quadrastichus mendeli–Leptocybe invasa system

Huang,

Tang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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show abstract

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Gall Formers

Cited by 1 publication

References 70 publications

Host location of gall parasitoids—A case study using the Quadrastichus mendeli–Leptocybe invasa system

Host location of gall parasitoids—A case study using the Quadrastichus mendeli–Leptocybe invasa system

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