Gallbladder Carcinoma and Its Differential Diagnosis at MRI: What                     Radiologists Should Know

Vendrami, Camila Lopes; Magnetta, Michael J.; Mittal, Pardeep K.; Moreno, Courtney C.; Miller, Frank H.

doi:10.1148/rg.2021200087

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…At the same time, the combination of multiple drugs can be realized, so that the drugs can be released in the tumor site and carry out a joint attack on carcinoma. The third generation of nanoparticles has great advantages in drug delivery, tumor imaging, and gene therapy [ 12 ].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Antigallbladder Carcinoma Activity Of The Ne...mentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Antigallbladder Carcinoma Activity Analysis of a New Nanometer Drug Delivery System Based on Data Acquisition

Liu

et al. 2022

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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In order to solve the problem of the application of data acquisition in the new nanometer drug delivery system of microscope, a research of antigallbladder carcinoma activity analysis was proposed. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a common malignant tumor in biliary tract diseases. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations in the early stage, GBC has the shortcomings of the hidden onset, the difficult diagnosis, and the high misdiagnosis rate. GBC ranks in the top position among the most common tumors of the digestive system worldwide. The preoperative diagnosis rate is low, and the incidence of accidental gallbladder carcinoma is gradually increasing. Domestic gallbladder carcinoma related to cholecystectomy is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgical resection is still the only effective method for the treatment of accidental gallbladder carcinoma.

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Section: Analysis Of the Antigallbladder Carcinoma Activity Of The Ne...mentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Antigallbladder Carcinoma Activity Analysis of a New Nanometer Drug Delivery System Based on Data Acquisition

Liu

et al. 2022

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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“…The transabdominal US is the first imaging modality for evaluating gallbladder disease. The US has a sensitivity of 85% and overall accuracy of 80% in diagnosing gallbladder cancer, but only in locally advanced disease [ 9 ]. In cases where the tumor is flat or in the setting of cholelithiasis, the US may miss the lesion [ 10 ].…”

Section: Preoperative Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI should be systematically performed in case of GBC, thanks to a higher sensitivity than CT for detecting direct hepatic invasion, varying in literature from 87.5% to 100% [ 24 ]. In fact, dynamic contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI improves the characterization of the gallbladder wall, allowing a better evaluation of the liver parenchyma for tumor infiltration [ 9 ]. A careful assessment of the gallbladder wall must look for the smooth profile of the wall itself throughout its entire internal and external course; a loss of tissue planes with adjacent structures can be an early sign of direct invasive disease.…”

Section: Preoperative Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative Assessment and Perioperative Management of Resectable Gallbladder Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine and Novel Technologies: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare malignancy, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of less than 5% in the case of advanced disease. Surgery is the only radical treatment for early stages, but its application and effectiveness depend on the depth of tumoral invasion. The extent of resection is usually determined according to the T-stage. Therefore, an early and correct preoperative assessment is important for the prognosis, as well as for the selection of the most appropriate surgical procedure, to avoid unnecessary morbid surgeries and to reach the best outcomes. Several modalities can be used to investigate the depth of invasion, from ultrasounds to CT scans and MRI, but an ideal method still does not exist. Thus, different protocols are proposed according to different recommendations and institutions. In this scenario, the indications for laparoscopic and robotic surgery are still debated, as well as the role of new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsies. The aim of this article is to summarize the state of the art current modalities and future perspectives for assessing the depth of invasion in GBC and to clarify their role in perioperative management accordingly.

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“…Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the biliary system. [1][2][3][4][5] The reported overall five-year survival rate of gallbladder cancer is less than 30%, below 20% in stage III, and around 3% in stage IV. [6] In 2018, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Globocan 2018 database) estimated that gallbladder cancer constitutes 1.7% of all cancer the previous attempts, [21,22] Hu et al prepared black arsenicphosphorus (AsP) nanosheets by fixing the highly toxic arsenic atoms into an AsP nanosheet framework; [21] Liu et al developed highly pure arsenene nanodots via a smart liquid-phase exfoliation process with Vitamin C as the oxidase sacrificial guardian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the biliary system. [ 1–5 ] The reported overall five‐year survival rate of gallbladder cancer is less than 30%, below 20% in stage III, and around 3% in stage IV. [ 6 ] In 2018, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Globocan 2018 database) estimated that gallbladder cancer constitutes 1.7% of all cancer deaths with 220 000 new cases diagnosed annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Micro “Chemical Factory” with Arsenic Processing and Screening Functions on Nitinol for Gallbladder Cancer Treatment

Xing

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

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deaths with 220 000 new cases diagnosed annually. [7,8] Gallbladder cancer is additionally characterized by concealed onset, rapid development, and poor prognosis. [9] Therefore, the majority (90%) of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. [3] Most deaths from gallbladder cancer are caused by malignant obstruction. The insertion of Ni-Ti stents to alleviate obstructive jaundice is the gold standard of life prolongation. [10] However, Ni-Ti stents are vulnerable to tumor invasion and bacterial infection, leading to a high reocclusion rate. [11] Drug-eluting stents (DESs) that load antitumor or antibacterial drugs are considered to prevent in-stent restenosis, but their clinical efficacy is low because most of the commercially available DESs are derived from cardiovascular stents. [12][13][14][15] Therefore, the loaded drugs, such as rapamycin, [16] aspirin, [17] and statins, [18] are intended to reduce inflammation and promote endothelialization rather than kill bacteria and gallbladder cancer cells. The design of specialized Ni-Ti DESs is urgently needed for the palliative treatment of gallbladder cancer.Recent studies have shown a good inhibitory effect of As(III) on gallbladder cancer. As(III) can effectively kill gallbladder cancer cells within a certain concentration range. [19,20] However, in clinical applications, the killing effect of highly toxic trivalent arsenic must be limited to the gallbladder cancer cells; reducing the toxic side effects of arsenic on normal tissue is a critical problem. Among Gallbladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system with a high fatality rate. Nitinol (Ni-Ti) stents, a standard treatment for prolonging patients' lives, are susceptible to reocclusion and cannot inhibit tumor recurrence because they lack antitumor and antibacterial activity. Herein, an arsenic-loaded layered double-hydroxide film is constructed on Ni-Ti, forming a micro "chemical factory." The LDH plays the role of a "processer" which absorbs highly toxic trivalent arsenic (As(III)) and processes it into lowly toxic pentavalent arsenic (As(V)). It also acts as a "quality-inspector," confining As(III) in the interlayer and releasing only As(V) (the finished product) to the outside. This control mechanism minimizes the toxicity during contact with normal tissue. The acidic microenvironment and overexpression of glutathione in tumor tissues not only accelerates the release of arsenic from the platform but also triggers the in situ transformation of arsenic from lowly toxic As(V) to highly toxic As(III), exerting a strong arsenic-mediated antineoplastic effect. Such a microenvironment-responsive "chemical factory" with arsenic processing and screening functions is expected to prevent tumor overgrowth, metastasis, and bacterial infection and provide new insights into the design of Ni-Ti drug-eluting stents for gallbladder cancer treatment.

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Gallbladder Carcinoma and Its Differential Diagnosis at MRI: What Radiologists Should Know

Cited by 41 publications

References 67 publications

[Retracted] Antigallbladder Carcinoma Activity Analysis of a New Nanometer Drug Delivery System Based on Data Acquisition

[Retracted] Antigallbladder Carcinoma Activity Analysis of a New Nanometer Drug Delivery System Based on Data Acquisition

Preoperative Assessment and Perioperative Management of Resectable Gallbladder Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine and Novel Technologies: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Micro “Chemical Factory” with Arsenic Processing and Screening Functions on Nitinol for Gallbladder Cancer Treatment

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