Gallbladder Gallstone Disease Is Associated with Newly Diagnosed Coronary Artery Atherosclerotic Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and AimsThe association between gallstone disease and coronary artery atherosclerotic disease (CAD) remains unclear. To clarify their relationship, patients with CAD newly diagnosed by coronary angiography were investigated in this cross-sectional study.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 1,270 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the first time between January 2007 and September 2011. Patients with ≥50% diameter stenosis in any major coronary artery on coronary angiography were defined as being CAD positive (n = 766) and those with no stenosis as CAD negative (n = 504). Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between gallstone disease and CAD. The odds ratios (OR) of factors associated with CAD were calculated. In addition, CAD-positive and CAD-negative patients were matched one-to-one by age, gender and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the association between gallbladder disease and CAD was determined.ResultsThe prevalence of gallstone disease was significantly higher in CAD-positive than in CAD negative patients (149/766 [19.5%] vs 57/504 [11.3%], P<0.01). Gallstone disease was significantly associated with CAD (adjusted OR = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–2.31). Following matched pairing of 320 patients per group, gallstone disease remained significantly associated with CAD (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.65).ConclusionGallstone disease is strongly associated with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography.

Gallstone Disease and Increased Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease

“…In contrast, the association between GD and incident IHD was similar across subgroups stratified by age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and presence of obesity or diabetes mellitus. 3 The relationship between GD and risk of IHD has been debated for many years, [4][5][6] with some recent cross-sectional and prospective studies showing an independent association between GD and IHD 7,8 and between GD and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. [9][10][11][12] That said, the findings described by Lv et al 3 are timely and clinically relevant.…”

Gallstone Disease and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease

“…5, 6 Several previous studies have related presence of GSD with an increased CVD risk including outcomes of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease mortality. 7-13 However, these studies were largely limited by cross-sectional design or small sample size. Prospective investigations on the relation between GSD and CVD risk in large cohorts are sparse.…”

Cholecystectomies at Rims, Ongole- A Retrospective Analysis

“…6 Gallstone disease is strongly associated with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography. 7 In the United States, the autopsy series have shown gall stones in at least 20% of women and 8% of men over the age of 40 years. Changing incidence in India is mainly attributed to westernisation and availability of investigation that is ultrasound to urban as well as rural area and also because of increased affordability due to change in the socio-economic structure and the cost of investigations.…”