Gallbladder polyps in children—classification and management

Decision for surgery in the management of a rare condition, childhood gallbladder polyps, and the role of ultrasonography

“…In the second case presented here also, size erroneously would have been detected to be progressively getting bigger due to this inter-observer variation. This is also in line with the knowledge that there is a significant inter-observer variation in the nature of US (6,10,11). Follow-up by the same experienced radiologist would prevent unnecessary operations that could create many problems, in the long expected life of the child patients.…”

“…There are only 17 child age cases between 4-16 years of age reported in the English literature (M/F=8/9) in case reports (6,13,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Four of them were with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 6 had metachromatic leukodystrophy, 2 were papilloma, 2 were hyperplastic polyps (with pancreaticobiliary maljunction), 2 were gastric heterotrophy, and 2 had cholesterol polyps (13).…”

“…They were either followed conservatively or operated, taking into account the cut-off size in the adult age group, i.e. 10 mm (6,13,22,26,30). However, there are only 10 cases of gallbladder malignancy in the pediatric literature.…”

“…Likewise, Stringer recommended follow-up if asymptomatic, no co-morbidities as mentioned above, and less than 10 mm in size (6). Many authors do recommend the followup in appropriate circumstances (22,26,29,30).…”

3d Ultrasonography Daignosis of Polypoid Gall Bladder in Dog.

“…However, secondary hepatobiliary tumors are more common and occur 2.5 times more frequently than primary ones (Collett,1998). In human medicine gallbladder polyps have been observed in 0.004 to 13.8 percent of resected gallbladders (Christensen, 1970;Stringer, 2003), and in 1.5 to 4.5 percent of gallbladders assessed by ultrasonography (Jorgensen, 1990;Veronica, 2006). In one report, no association was observed between the presence of polyps and the patient's age, sex, weight, number of pregnancies, use of exogenous female hormones, or any other risk factors that are generally believed to be associated with gallstones (Stringer, 2003).…”