Gallic acid: design of a pyrogallol-containing hydrogel and its biomedical applications

Abstract

Polyphenol hydrogels have garnered widespread attention due to their excellent adhesion, antioxidation, and antibacterial properties. As a typical derivative of pyrogallol, gallic acid, used as a hydrogel cross-linker or bioactive...

Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Photo-Cross-Linkable Hydrogel of Gallic Acid–Chitosan Methacrylate: Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessments

“…It can undergo sacrificative reactions with free radicals, such as hydroxyl (HO • ), superoxide (O2 • ), nitric oxide (NO • ), alkoxy, and peroxy radicals, as well as nonradicals, such as peroxynitrite (OONO – ) and hypochlorite (ClO – ) . Gallic acid scavenges ROS mainly through two reaction mechanisms: hydrogen atom donation and electron transfer-proton transfer . We found that grafted GA endowed the GA–CS conjugate with moderate antioxidative capacity (Figure E,F).…”

“…Notably, the antioxidative capacity of GA–CS–MA was lower than that of the GA–CS conjugate. This is likely because the phenol hydroxyl group of GA is easily oxidized by hydrogen abstraction during polymer synthesis, and this process might lower polymerization efficiency . Future studies should consider improving the MA substitution degree by performing the whole synthesis reaction under nitrogen protection.…”