Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases

Bai, Jinrong; Zhang, Yunsen; Tang, Ce; Hou, Yuchuan; Ai, Xiaopeng; Chen, Xiaorui; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Xiaobo; Meng, Xianli

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110985

Cited by 393 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Table 4 shows the main bioactive compounds identified in the studied apple cultivars and the associated biological and pharmacological activities which contribute to human health, as reported in the scientific literature. Thus, the main biological and pharmacological activities relate to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, and neuro-protective effects [35][36][37]. Caffeic acid and epicatechin reduce fat accumulation and increase muscle mass, being marketed as a supplement to aid in weight loss and enhance athletic performances, and also contribute to a significant decrease of blood pressure and sugar levels, being used for cardiovascular and diabetic protection [38][39][40].…”

Section: Apple Cultivar Discrimination Based On Polyphenolic and Triterpene Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main Associated Biological and Pharmacological Activities That Contribute to Human Health References caffeic acid biological and pharmacological activities: antioxidant, anticancer, as part of a cancer treatment regime, treat certain viruses, including herpes and HIV [38] marketed as a supplement to boost athletic performance and to aid in weight loss or as skin care serums [41] gallic acid biological and pharmacological activities: antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardio-protective, gastro-protective, and neuroprotective effects, metabolic diseases [35,42] marketed as flavouring agents and preservatives in the food industry [43] epicatechin biological activities: myostatin inhibition, increase muscle growth and strength, improve blood pressure and reduce insulin resistance [39,40] marketed as a supplement to enhance athletic performance [44,45] quercetin effects on diabetes complications, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular and liver diseases, Arthritis, Microbial Infections [46] mediate anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and shows potential to decrease body fat percent and may improve exercise performance [47] ursolic acid potential biological activities: reduce fat accumulation and increase muscle mass-obesity control, inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell types, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and neuroprotective activities. NOTE: there are not enough clinical studies to demonstrate the benefits to human health.…”

Section: Main Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Acids of Twelve Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars

Geană

Ciucure

Ionete

et al. 2021

Foods

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Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), a popular and widely cultivated fruit world-wide, contains bioactive compounds responsible for their health benefits. Here we report the amounts of some bioactive compounds: two major triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids) and polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids and t-resveratrol), together with bioactive properties of twelve apple cultivars measured by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Significant variations were found comparing the bioactive potential of the investigated cultivars. High contents of phenolic acids were identified in the Montuan, Golden Delicious and Cretesc cultivars, while the most flavonoid dominant was the Richard cultivar. Starkrimson, Jonatan, Beliy Naliv and Richard cultivars present higher antioxidant capacity. Oleanolic acid ranged from 11 to 83 mg/g apple extract, while ursolic acid ranged from 55 to 436 mg/g apple extract, with higher amounts in Richard and Montuan cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed the discrimination of apple cultivars depending on polyphenolic and triterpene acids composition. Caffeic acid, gallic acid and epicatechin were identified as the main bioactive compounds in Starkrimson, Jonathan, Beliy Naliv and Richard cultivars, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were identified in high amounts in Richard, Montuan, Golden Delicious, Idared and Beliy Naliv apple cultivars. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the understanding of the bioactive composition of apples as well as the importance of their capitalization to obtain value-added products that promote human health.

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Section: Apple Cultivar Discrimination Based On Polyphenolic and Triterpene Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Acids of Twelve Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars

Geană

Ciucure

Ionete

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Various research has suggested that gallic acid broadly exists in the form of free acids or various esters [ 221 ]. According to toxicity studies, GA scarcely exhibited obvious toxicity or side effects in a variety of animal experiments, which further clinical validation of its safety in humans is needed [ 222 , 223 ].…”

Section: Non-flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.

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“…Gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in fruits, nuts, and vegetables, and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders [ 122 , 123 ]. Gallic acid ameliorated UC-like clinical symptoms by reducing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and decreasing p65-NF-κB expression in the colon of DSS-induced mice [ 124 ].…”

Section: Phytochemicals Targeting the Jak–stat Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals Targeting JAK–STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models

et al. 2021

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that consists of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Cytokines are thought to be key mediators of inflammation-mediated pathological processes of IBD. These cytokines play a crucial role through the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Several small molecules inhibiting JAK have been used in clinical trials, and one of them has been approved for IBD treatment. Many anti-inflammatory phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for IBD treatment. This review describes the significance of the JAK–STAT pathway as a current therapeutic target for IBD and discusses the recent findings that phytochemicals can ameliorate disease symptoms by affecting the JAK–STAT pathway in vivo in IBD disease models. Thus, we suggest that phytochemicals modulating JAK–STAT pathways are potential candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs, alternative medicines, and nutraceutical agents for the treatment of IBD.

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Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases

Cited by 393 publications

References 150 publications

Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Acids of Twelve Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars

Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Acids of Twelve Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars

Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Phytochemicals Targeting JAK–STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models

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