Gallium-assisted diffusion bonding of stainless steel to titanium; microstructural evolution and bond strength

Shirzadi, A. A.; Laik, A.; Tewari, R.; Orsborn, Jonathan; Dey, G.K.

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2018.09.009

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Various interlayers have shown varying degrees of success in joining titanium to other advanced alloys such as titanium alloys to stainless steels, aluminium alloys, and magnesium alloys. Figure 6 shows a Ti/Steel joint bonded at 700 • C. In instances where titanium is diffusion bonded to stainless steels, intermetallic compounds such as FeTi and Fe 2 Ti form at the interface [65]. The presence of thick intermetallic layers at the interface severely limits bond strength and reduces the mechanical capabilities of the joint [31].…”

Section: Interlayer Composition and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6 shows a Ti/Steel joint bonded at 700 °C. In instances where titanium is diffusion bonded to stainless steels, intermetallic compounds such as FeTi and Fe2Ti form at the interface [65]. The presence of thick intermetallic layers at the interface severely limits bond strength and reduces the mechanical capabilities of the joint [31].…”

Section: Interlayer Composition and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends in Dissimilar Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys to Stainless Steels, Aluminium and Magnesium

Cooke

Atieh

2020

JMMP

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This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements made in the diffusion bonding of titanium and its alloys to other advanced materials such as aluminium, stainless steel, and magnesium. This combination of advanced alloys has received considerable attention in different industries, including aerospace, petrochemical, and nuclear applications due to high specific strength, lightweight, corrosion resistance, and moderate to high mechanical properties. The mechanisms of bond formation are discussed based on the type of microstructures formed and the mechanical properties achieved. The scientific literature identifies various methods/processes for controlling the volume of intermetallic compounds formed within the joint regions, as well as ways of maximising the strength of the weld/joints. This paper discusses the relationship between weld/bond properties and bonding parameters such as time, temperature, surface roughness, pressures, interlayer composition, and thickness. The scientific literature also shows that the bonding mechanisms and microstructural evolution of the bond zone can be significantly affected by suitable optimization of the bonding parameters. Additionally, this is a method of maximising bond strength.

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Section: Interlayer Composition and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interlayer Composition and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Dissimilar Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys to Stainless Steels, Aluminium and Magnesium

Cooke

Atieh

2020

JMMP

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“…JDM can leverage the advantageous properties of two different materials in a single component. JDM has been studied widely due to several unresolved issues related to chemical incompatibilities that lead to the formation of brittle intermetallic phases and the weakness of joining due to differences in the thermophysical properties of the materials [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Welding dissimilar materials such as aluminum to steel are difficult due to variations in infusion temperatures, thermal conductivity, and mutual solubility [8]. These downsides can be overcome mainly through the introduction of strong bonding methods, such as friction welding, fusion welding and diffusion bonding [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Bonding of Al–Fe Enhanced by Gallium

Ismail

Bahanan²,

Hussain

et al. 2020

Processes

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In this research, diffusion bonding was carried out to produce transition joints between mild steel A36 (Fe A36) and aluminium Al 5083 (AA5083) with the presence of gallium (Ga) as an interlayer between the two faying surfaces. The microstructural development and interfacial growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface layer between Fe A36 and AA5083 after the diffusion bonding process were investigated. The joining was performed by clamping the two materials with a Ga interlayer and then heated in a furnace. The interlayer developed from this diffusion heating in air condition provides an average thickness of 30 μm. Characterization of intermetallic compounds was conducted using SEM-EDX and XRD. The results showed that SEM-EDX confirmed the occurrence of interdiffusion of elements from Fe A36 and AA5083 present at interlayer. XRD analysis reveals the formation of Fe3Al at the diffusion layer.

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“…Shirzadi et al examined the gallium-assisted diffusion bonding for the dissimilar bonding of CP-Ti to 304L stainless steel. The abutted surfaces of the base materials were ground with emery paper containing a small amount of liquid gallium to remove the oxide layer before bonding and achieved a higher tensile strength of joints than the conventional diffusion bonding techniques [10]. Ananthakumar et al studied the plasma-assisted diffusion bonding of CP-Ti to 304L stainless steel, and they successfully produced the joints for a relatively short time of 15 min at 650 • C [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Joining of Commercial-Purity Ti to 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heating Diffusion Bonding: Interfacial Microstructure and Strength of the Dissimilar Joint

Suzuki

Sato

Tokita

2020

Metals

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A new solid-state bonding technique, Joule heating diffusion bonding, was used for the dissimilar bonding of commercial-purity Ti to 304 stainless steel within a short time without macroscopic deformation of the workpieces. The tensile strengths of the joints produced at various bonding parameters were examined at room temperature, and the microstructures of the joints and the fracture surfaces were analyzed to clarify the effect of the microstructural factors on the tensile strength of the joints. The tensile strength of the joints increased with the increase in the fraction of the sufficiently bonded interface. In the joints with the well-bonded interface, the tensile strength decreased with the increase in the thickness of the brittle Fe-Ti-type intermetallic compound layers at the joint interface. This study suggested that the high tensile strength could be achieved in the Joule heating diffusion bonded joints with the well-bonded interface where the thickness of the Fe-Ti-type intermetallic compound layers was thinner than 0.5 µm.

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Gallium-assisted diffusion bonding of stainless steel to titanium; microstructural evolution and bond strength

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Current Trends in Dissimilar Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys to Stainless Steels, Aluminium and Magnesium

Current Trends in Dissimilar Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys to Stainless Steels, Aluminium and Magnesium

Diffusion Bonding of Al–Fe Enhanced by Gallium

Rapid Joining of Commercial-Purity Ti to 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heating Diffusion Bonding: Interfacial Microstructure and Strength of the Dissimilar Joint

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