Gallstones and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Zheng, Yan; Xu, Min; Li, Yanping; Hruby, Adela; Rimm, Eric B.; Hu, Frank B.; Wirth, Janine; Chen, Albert; Manson, JoAnn E.; Qi, Lu

doi:10.1161/atvbaha.116.307507

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In terms of the location, five studies were from Asia ( 9 , 13 – 16 ) and five studies were from Western countries ( 2 , 8 , 17 – 19 ). Of the 10 studies included in the meta-analysis, seven reported HRs ( 2 , 8 , 9 ,13,14,16,17) and eight reported original data, from which unadjusted ORs were calculated ( 2 , 8 , 9 , 13 – 17 ). Among these studies, there were five prospective cohort studies ( 2 , 9 , 15 , 17 , 18 ) and five retrospective cohort studies ( 8 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 19 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 10 studies included in the meta-analysis, seven reported HRs ( 2 , 8 , 9 ,13,14,16,17) and eight reported original data, from which unadjusted ORs were calculated ( 2 , 8 , 9 , 13 – 17 ). Among these studies, there were five prospective cohort studies ( 2 , 9 , 15 , 17 , 18 ) and five retrospective cohort studies ( 8 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 19 ). Cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were studied in nine and two included articles, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were studied in nine and two included articles, respectively. For end-point incidence of these studies, two included mortality as an end-point ( 2 , 18 ) and eight studies used morbidity ( 8 , 9 , 13 – 17 , 19 ). The characteristics of the selected studies were summarized in Table I .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between gallstone and cardio‑cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta‑analysis

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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Increasing evidence connects gallstone disease (GD) to cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether and to what extent an association between GD and CVD existed. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systemically searched up to March 3rd, 2018. A total of 10 studies (1,272,177 participants; 13,833 records; 5 prospective cohorts and 5 retrospective cohorts) were included. It was demonstrated that GD was associated with an increased risk of incidence [hazard ratio=1.24, 95% (CI) confidence interval: 1.17–1.31] and prevalence (unadjusted odds ratio=1.23, 95% CI: 1.21–1.25) of CVD. In conclusion, the presence of GD was associated with an increased risk of CVD incidence and prevalence. The association may be influenced by age and sex. These findings suggest that individuals identified with cardio-cerebrovascular disease should be evaluated for GD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between gallstone and cardio‑cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta‑analysis

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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“…Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12(p70), and IL-13 appear to be associated with the risk of gallstones 18 . Data from epidemiologic studies suggest an association between gallstone disease and higher risk of incident ischemic heart disease 19 , 20 and total mortality and disease-specific mortality (cardiovascular disease and cancer). These links were statistically confirmed after adjustment for potential confounders, including traditional risk factors (such as body weight, cigarette smoking, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) 19 – 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding and managing cholesterol gallstones

Ciaula

Portincasa

2018

F1000Res

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The high prevalence of cholesterol gallstones, the availability of new information about pathogenesis, and the relevant health costs due to the management of cholelithiasis in both children and adults contribute to a growing interest in this disease. From an epidemiologic point of view, the risk of gallstones has been associated with higher risk of incident ischemic heart disease, total mortality, and disease-specific mortality (including cancer) independently from the presence of traditional risk factors such as body weight, lifestyle, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This evidence points to the existence of complex pathogenic pathways linking the occurrence of gallstones to altered systemic homeostasis involving multiple organs and dynamics. In fact, the formation of gallstones is secondary to local factors strictly dependent on the gallbladder (that is, impaired smooth muscle function, wall inflammation, and intraluminal mucin accumulation) and bile (that is, supersaturation in cholesterol and precipitation of solid crystals) but also to “extra-gallbladder” features such as gene polymorphism, epigenetic factors, expression and activity of nuclear receptors, hormonal factors (in particular, insulin resistance), multi-level alterations in cholesterol metabolism, altered intestinal motility, and variations in gut microbiota. Of note, the majority of these factors are potentially manageable. Thus, cholelithiasis appears as the expression of systemic unbalances that, besides the classic therapeutic approaches to patients with clinical evidence of symptomatic disease or complications (surgery and, in a small subgroup of subjects, oral litholysis with bile acids), could be managed with tools oriented to primary prevention (changes in diet and lifestyle and pharmacologic prevention in subgroups at high risk), and there could be relevant implications in reducing both prevalence and health costs.

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“…GSD is related to several cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemias (hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), unhealthy diet, and sedentary lifestyle 3 , 6 . Several prospective studies have supported that the presence of GSD was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, which could not be explained by traditional risk factors 7 . Whether there is a similar association between GSD and type 2 diabetes remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallstone Disease and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Guo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Gallstone disease (GSD) is related to several diabetes risk factors. The present study was to examine whether GSD was independently associated with type 2 diabetes in the China Kadoorie Biobank study. After excluding participants with prevalent diabetes and prior histories of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline, 189,154 men and 272,059 women aged 30–79 years were eligible for analysis. The baseline prevalence of GSD was 5.7% of the included participants. During 4,138,687 person-years of follow-up (median, 9.1 years), a total of 4,735 men and 7,747 women were documented with incident type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants without GSD at baseline, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes for those with GSD were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96–1.24; P = 0.206), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13-1.30; P < 0.001), and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.10-1.25; P < 0.001) in men, women, and the whole cohort respectively. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity between men and women (P = 0.347 for interaction). The association between GSD and type 2 diabetes was strongest among participants who reported ≥5 years since the first diagnosis and were still on treatment at baseline (HR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.16-1.88; P = 0.001). The present study highlights the importance of developing a novel prevention strategy to mitigate type 2 diabetes through improvement of gastrointestinal health.

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Gallstones and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Association between gallstone and cardio‑cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta‑analysis

Association between gallstone and cardio‑cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta‑analysis

Recent advances in understanding and managing cholesterol gallstones

Gallstone Disease and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

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