Gallstones: new insights into an old story

Tiderington, Evan; Lee, Sum P.; Ko, Cynthia W.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.8874.1

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is a very old disease. This clinical entity was already found in Egyptian and Chinese mummies from around 3000 years BC and in America, in Chilean mummies about 300 years BC [1] . Age, sex, obesity and fertility have been traditionally associated with the development of cholelithiasis, to the point that the four F's: Female, Forty, Fat, Fertile have been coined in the English language to define those patients who could develop cholelithiasis [2,3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Clinical Manifestations of Cholelithiasis in Quito, Ecuador. A Cohort Study

Mario¹,

Mayra²,

Luis³

2021

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Introduction: A prospective study was carried out, with the aim of establishing the clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis in the population of Quito, Ecuador. Methods: During the period from January 2012 to October 2017, 534 patients were referred from different outpatient clinics of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security to the Batan Medical Center with the diagnosis of cholelithiasis after a clinical assessment and abdominal ultrasound, to be treated surgically. Results: Sixty-nine percent of patients were female with a male-female ratio of 1:2.21. Mean age was 44.9 years. Pain was the most common symptom in our study: 95.7%. Among these patients, pain was located in the epigastrium in 49.8%, in the right hypochondrium in 45.1% and only 0.8% had low back pain. Pain ranged from moderate and even severe. The remaining 4.3% of patients had dyspepsia or were asymptomatic. Conclusions: This finding highlights the fact that epigastric pain must be always considered as a clinical manifestation on cholelithiasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Clinical Manifestations of Cholelithiasis in Quito, Ecuador. A Cohort Study

Mario¹,

Mayra²,

Luis³

2021

ajsrr

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“…About 14% of patients develop acute cholecystitis, 5% develop biliary pancreatitis and 5% develop common bile duct stones 5,9,10 . Complicated cholelithiasis usually requires emergency admission and has a longer hospital stay, longer operative time, higher chance of complications and has a higher cost of treatment 11,12 . The gold standard treatment for both symptomatic and complicated cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of perioperative outcomes in patients with uncomplicated and complicated cholelithiasis

Bohara

Regmee

Laudari

et al. 2018

J. Kathmandu Med. Coll.

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Background: Cholelithiasis is a common disease managed by surgeons. The patient may present with asymptomatic incidentally detected cholelithiasis, uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis or complicated symptomatic cholelithiasis. The perioperative outcome varies in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated and complicated disease. Objectives: To compare the perioperative outcomes between patients with uncomplicated and complicated cholelithiasis. Methodology: A prospective analytical study was conducted among all the patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the study period. The patients were categorized into two groups, uncomplicated and complicated. The comparison was done among these groups in terms of length of hospital stay, operative duration, and post-operative complications. Results: Total of 107 patients 22(20.56%) males and 85(79.43%) females were included in the study. 83(77.57%) were uncomplicated and 24(22.42%) were complicated cases. The average length of the hospital was 2.33 vs 6 days (p-value <0.01), mean operative duration 42.23 vs 70.17 minutes (p-value <0.00) and postoperative complication were 0 vs 6 in uncomplicated and complicated group respectively. Conclusion: Patients operated for uncomplicated cholelithiasis had a better perioperative outcome in terms of operative duration, post-operative hospital stay and complications rate as compared to patients operated for complicated cholelithiasis.

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“…Gallstones are the presence of concretions, either calculi (>3 mm) or biliary clay (<3 mm) in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis), bile ducts, or both. These concretions consist of crystal deposits containing primarily cholesterol, bilirubin, or both and are most commonly formed in the gallbladder (1) . The formation of these stones occurs due to a multifactorial disorder of the bile ducts (2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the most common biliary disease in Western countries and is more common in women. In the United States and Europe, the prevalence of gallstones can reach 20% of the adult population (1) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiological Evaluation of Complications Associated With Gallstones in a Tertiary Hospital

Aguiar

Júnior

et al. 2022

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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Background: Gallstones are the presence of bile clay in the gallbladder or bile ducts. The disease can be asymptomatic or symptomatic and can lead to complications and consequently a worse prognosis, such as acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis. The risk of complications increases after the first episode of biliary colic. Objective: A clinical-epidemiological evaluation of patients admitted to a gastroenterology ward of a tertiary care hospital with gallstone-related complications. Methods: We evaluated 158 patients admitted through discharge reports and medical records analysis from January 1, 2013, to February 24, 2021. Results: The female sex was predominant (76.6%), and the mean age of patients was 51.6 years. Men were significantly older than women (P=0.005). Most (57.6%) had some comorbidity, the most frequent being systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The mean hospitalization time was 24 days, significantly longer in men (P=0.046) but without a direct relationship with age (P=0.414). The most frequent complication was choledocholithiasis, and 55.7% of patients without previous cholecystectomy had a report of biliary colic before admission, on average 1.5 years previously. A history of a prior cholecystectomy was present in 17.1% of those evaluated. Abdominal ultrasonography followed by magnetic resonance cholangiography was the most frequently performed exam for diagnostic definition. Regarding therapeutic measures, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was necessary for 47.3% of patients without previous cholecystectomy and 81.4% of patients who have already had a cholecystectomy. Among patients not yet cholecystectomized, 84% underwent the procedure before discharge. Conclusion: The female patients were predominant. Men were significantly older than women and had more extended hospital stays. The most frequent complication was choledocholithiasis, and around half of the patients reported previous biliary colic. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been necessary for the majority of the patients.

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Gallstones: new insights into an old story

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical Manifestations of Cholelithiasis in Quito, Ecuador. A Cohort Study

Clinical Manifestations of Cholelithiasis in Quito, Ecuador. A Cohort Study

Comparison of perioperative outcomes in patients with uncomplicated and complicated cholelithiasis

Clinical and Epidemiological Evaluation of Complications Associated With Gallstones in a Tertiary Hospital

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