Galvanic Corrosion Theory for Adherence of Porcelain Enamel Ground Coats to Steel

Moore, Dwight G.; Pitts, Joseph W; Richmond, Joseph C.; Harrison, W. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1954.tb13968.x

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among all the metal oxides, CoO and NiO are the two best choices. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to investigate their roles in enhancing enamel‐steel interfacial adherence, and micro‐alloy precipitations at the interface between steel and enamels . These different micro‐alloy precipitations affect their adherence .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, many studies have been conducted to investigate their roles in enhancing enamel-steel interfacial adherence, and micro-alloy precipitations at the interface between steel and enamels. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] These different micro-alloy precipitations affect their adherence. 17,19,21 However, little attention has been paid to understand the formation of these microalloy precipitations and their contribution to the enamel/ steel adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro‐alloys precipitation in NiO‐ and CoO‐bearing enamel coatings and their effect on adherence of enamel/steel

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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The effect of CoO and NiO on the adherence between enamel coating and steel is investigated experimentally in this study. Enamel coatings are applied to the steel using a wet process with slurries. A total of five enamels were prepared including three single layer enamels: blank enamel (BL), NiO bearing enamel (MTNi3), CoO bearing enamel (MTCo3), and two double layer enamels: BL-MTNi3, BLMTCo3, which consisted an inner layer of BL and an outer layer of MTNi3 or MTCo3. Falling-weights tests were performed and the cross-sections at the enamel/steel interface were analyzed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results show that the increases of adherence for MTCo3 and MTNi3 coated steel are attributed to the micro-alloys precipitation at the enamel/ steel interface. These micro-alloy precipitations grow parallel to the steel/enamel interface for MTNi3, while they are dendritic and perpendicular for MTCo3. Compared with MTCo3, the negative reaction energy between NiO and FeO for MTNi3 causes micro-alloy precipitations formed far away from the enamel/steel interface, resulting in different morphology and adherence. K E Y W O R D Sadhesion, characterization, coatings, diffusion N160205001.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐alloys precipitation in NiO‐ and CoO‐bearing enamel coatings and their effect on adherence of enamel/steel

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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“…mere is also etidence (ref. 2), however, that roughness of interface does not completely account for adherence. Specifically, poor adherence has been observed on very rough interfaces having high anchor-point counts.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxygen Content of Furnace Atmosphere on Adherence of Vitreous Coatings to Iron

Eubanks

Moore

1955

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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A series of porcelain enamel ground coats of the same basic composition but with various amounts of cobalt oxide was fired on enameling iron in atmospheres consisting of various oxygen‐nitrogen mixtures. The effect of the oxygen content of the atmosphere on adherence was determined and the effect on interface roughness was estimated from an examination of metallographic cross sections. A decrease in the amount of oxygen in the firing atmosphere necessitated an increase in the amount of cobalt oxide in the enamel if optimum adherence was to be secured. Ground coats containing 3.2% cobalt oxide or more developed a weak but definite bond in oxygen concentrations as low as 0.02 mole %. A qualitative correlation was found between adherence and surface roughness regardless of the oxygen content of the firing atmosphere.

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“…3). This theory postulates that goad adherence results from the roughening imposed on the steel sur-.…”

Section: Nis04 + Fe~ni + Fes04mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nickel Dip in Enameling of Sheet Steel

Moore

Pitts

Harrison

1954

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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SUMMARYAn investigation was made of the effects of (a) the firing time and (b) the weight of nickel deposited frm the nickel-dip solution on the adherence developed by a cobalt-free and a cobalt-bearing ground-coat enamel on both enameling iron and a titsmim-bearing low-csrbon steel. At 1550°F it was found that the maximum benefit from the nickel on the measured adherence index occurred at 2-minute firing. The effect of the nickel, however, dropped markedly with longer firing times. It was also found that there was an optimum nickel deposit for maximum adherence. This optimum varied from 50 to about 120 milligrams per square foot, depending on the type of cleaning used and the type of enamel applied.It was found that the nickel dip reduced the tendency toward fishscaling. Furthermore, there appeared to be a relation between fishscaling resistance and good adherence; no spec~en with~a~erence~dex of 70 .or over showed fishscaling tendencies.Metallographic studies of the interface of coated specimens showed .that nickel dipping of the steel prior to enameling brought about a surface roughening during the firing operation. A relation ms noted between the degree of roughetig and the measured adherence index. The roughening of the steel surface was ascribed to galvanic corrosion.

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Galvanic Corrosion Theory for Adherence of Porcelain Enamel Ground Coats to Steel

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Micro‐alloys precipitation in NiO‐ and CoO‐bearing enamel coatings and their effect on adherence of enamel/steel

Micro‐alloys precipitation in NiO‐ and CoO‐bearing enamel coatings and their effect on adherence of enamel/steel

Effect of Oxygen Content of Furnace Atmosphere on Adherence of Vitreous Coatings to Iron

Role of Nickel Dip in Enameling of Sheet Steel

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