Galvanic currents between gold and amalgam

Holland, Roy I.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1980.tb01224.x

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Frykholm et al (1969) also suggested a contact mucositis to copper in dental alloys as a cause of oral lichen planus. Electrogalvanic effects of metals have been implicated as well (Banoczy et al, 1979;Holland, 1980). Even reactions to gold restorations have been suggested although never substantiated (Conklin and Blasberg, 1987).…”

Section: E Restorative Materialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Therapy of Oral Lichen Planus

Eisen

1993

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Oral lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease that is relatively common. Although many patients are asymptomatic and require no therapy, those who exhibit atrophic and erosive lesions are often a challenge to treat. All therapies are palliative, and none is effective universally. Currently employed treatment modalities include corticosteroids administered topically, intralesionally, or systemically. Alternative therapies include topical and systemic retinoids, griseofulvin, Cyclosporine, and surgery. Other medical treatments and experimental modalities, including mouth PUVA, have been reported to be effective. Controversy concerning the efficacy of all these treatments suggests that oral lichen planus is a heterogeneous disorder. Eliminating lichenoid drug eruptions, candidiasis, trauma, contact mucositis, and emotional stress may play a role in the management of these patients. This article is a review of the many treatments and measures that have been employed in the management of patients with oral lichen planus.

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Section: E Restorative Materialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Therapy of Oral Lichen Planus

Eisen

1993

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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“…Variations of tangential force versus reciprocating displacement were recorded automatically as a function of cycles. The artificial saliva was prepared according to Fusayama's guidelines with Holland's modification [18,19] and its composition was listed in table 2. In order to avoid the effect of acidity on wear, artificial saliva was neutralized to pH7.…”

Section: Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of in vitro wear of human tooth enamel

Zheng

Zhou

2007

Tribol Lett

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Wear behavior of human tooth enamel against titanium alloy has been investigated under the lubrication of artificial saliva, using a reciprocating sliding wear test machine with a normal load of 20 N, a reciprocating amplitude of 500 lm, and a frequency of 2 Hz. Tests lasting up to 10, 100, 1000, 2000, and 5000 cycles were conducted, respectively. The worn surface of enamel after different cycles was analyzed by means of various microscopic examinations. The results showed that, a delamination mechanism occurred on the surface of enamel at the early stage of wear. The wear rapidly increased in depth with the number of cycles. As the wear proceeded, the surface of enamel was gradually covered with a wear particle layer, and the wear rate decreased. Finally the wear of enamel stayed stable. Microscopic examinations indicated that the wear of enamel was controlled by the mechanical removal of materials without obvious changes in the compositions and crystal structures of the enamel. The enamel rods were worn away after the inter-rod enamel.

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“…Dissolution of metallic gold is notoriously difficult but the process is facilitated by the presence of other metals in the alloy – the lower carat, the greater solubility of the gold (3) – but also by metals in the neighbourhood, e.g. amalgam through galvanism (4). Furthermore, dissolution and ionization are promoted by a high pH, an oxidative environment and the presence of amino acids, particularly sulfur‐containing ones (3, 5).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental gold alloys and contact allergy

Möller

2002

Contact Dermatitis

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Contact allergy to gold as demonstrated by patch testing is very common among patients with eczematous disease and seems to be even more frequent among patients with complaints from the oral cavity. There is a positive correlation between gold allergy and the presence of dental gold. Gold allergy is often found in patients with non-specific stomatitides as well as in those with lichenoid reactions or with only subjective symptoms from the oral cavity. The therapeutic effect of substituting other dental materials for gold alloys is conspicuous in casuistic reports but less impressive in larger patient materials. The amount of dental gold is correlated qualitatively and quantitatively to the blood level of gold and the effects if any of circulating blood gold are unknown. There is clearly a need for prospective studies in the field and gold sodium thiosulfate is considered an important item in the dental series for patch testing.Key words: contact allergy; dental gold; gold alloy; lichenoid reaction, oral disease; stomatitis. C Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002. Accepted for publication 12 July 2002 DefinitionsThe term dental gold covers alloys containing gold as a component and included in the ISO standards (1, 2). Allergy to gold alloys implies contact allergy, i.e. the T-cell mediated, immunological state which is not expressed as a clinical reaction until a renewed contact with the hapten. A prerequisite for the induction as well as the elicitation of this allergy is dissolution and ionization of the metal followed by penetration of the hapten into the skin or mucous membrane. Dissolution of metallic gold is notoriously difficult but the process is facilitated by the presence of other metals in the alloy -the lower carat, the greater solubility of the gold (3) -but also by metals in the neighbourhood, e.g. amalgam through galvanism (4). Furthermore, dissolution and ionization are promoted by a high pH, an oxidative environment and the presence of amino acids, particularly sulfur-containing ones (3, 5). Diagnosis

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Galvanic currents between gold and amalgam

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

The Therapy of Oral Lichen Planus

The Therapy of Oral Lichen Planus

Study of in vitro wear of human tooth enamel

Dental gold alloys and contact allergy

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