Galvanic Restructuring of Exsolved Nanoparticles for Plasmonic and Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion (Small 29/2022)

Nonreducing Ambient Atmosphere: Pulsed Electric Current Treatment of Co/Ni Doped Perovskite Oxides to Achieve Exsolution Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

“…This is achieved by applying reducing conditions and energy to allow NPs to spontaneously exsolve from the substrate oxides and load on the surface. This method not only retains the bulk phase information on the substrate but also exsolves the NPs on the substrate oxides, thereby enhancing the interface connection between the NPs and the substrate surface, the exsolved arrangement reduces the likelihood of growth and agglomeration. − However, the traditional high-temperature vapor phase reduction (HTVPR) process requires sufficient reduction time (10–72 h) and a high temperature (500–1300 °C) under a reducing atmosphere (such as H 2 , CO, and CH 4 ). − The vapor-phase reaction process requires the gas to undergo diffusion at the three-phase interface for an extended period, and the high-temperature treatment enhances the gas diffusion of the relatively stable reducing atmosphere, thereby increasing the touching ratio between the gas and B-site metal ions. In addition, it is necessary to maintain a continuous supply of reducing atmosphere throughout the experimental process and continuous reaction to promote the exsolution of B-site ions to form NPs .…”