Gam-COVID-Vac, EpiVacCorona, and CoviVac effectiveness against lung injury during Delta and Omicron variant surges in St. Petersburg, Russia: a test-negative case–control study

Барчук, Антон; Bulina, Anna; Cherkashin, Mikhail; Berezina, Natalia; Rakova, Tatyana; Kuplevatskaya, Darya; Skougarevskiy, Dmitriy; Okhotin, Artemiy

doi:10.1186/s12931-022-02206-3

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, anti-RBD responses in the Sputnik V group were higher than those in the COVID-19 group in most cases ( Figure 4 b). The rather modest potency of CoviVac compared to Sputnik V is also in line with previous reports [ 16 , 37 , 38 ]. Other inactivated virus-based vaccines (CoviVac analogues), such as BBIBP-CorV or Covaxin [ 39 , 40 ], are also reasonably potent against new strains, but appear generally inferior to “genetic” vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines, such as the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and adenoviral vector vaccines (Sputnik V analogues), such as ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The microarray system with a minimal antigen panel was validated for SARS-CoV-2 detection by profiling Abs in the sera of COVID-positive and control (COVID-negative) groups of donors. It was also used to compare Ab levels elicited by two vaccines of different types—namely, the replication-deficient adenovirus vector-based vaccine Sputnik V [ 15 , 16 ], and the inactivated virus (whole-virion)-based CoviVac Russia COVID-19 [ 16 ]. The expanded panel was used to predict vaccine efficiency against late SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest/concern and test Ab cross-reactivity with human proteins, as well as inter-strain cross-reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microarray Profiling of Vaccination-Induced Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Concern

Svetlova

Gustin

Manuvera

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Mutations in surface proteins enable emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to escape a substantial fraction of neutralizing antibodies and may thus weaken vaccine-driven immunity. To compare available vaccines and justify revaccination, rapid evaluation of antibody (Ab) responses to currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest (VOI) and concern (VOC) is needed. Here, we developed a multiplex protein microarray-based system for rapid profiling of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels in human sera. The microarray system was validated using sera samples from SARS-CoV-2-free donors and those diagnosed with COVID-19 based on PCR and enzyme immunoassays. Microarray-based profiling of vaccinated donors revealed a substantial difference in anti-VOC Ab levels elicited by the replication-deficient adenovirus vector-base (Sputnik V) and whole-virion (CoviVac Russia COVID-19) vaccines. Whole-virion vaccine-induced Abs showed minor but statistically significant cross-reactivity with the human blood coagulation factor 1 (fibrinogen) and thrombin. However, their effects on blood clotting were negligible, according to thrombin time tests, providing evidence against the concept of pronounced cross-reactivity-related side effects of the vaccine. Importantly, all samples were collected in the pre-Omicron period but showed noticeable responses to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Omicron spike protein. Thus, using the new express Ab-profiling system, we confirmed the inter-variant cross-reactivity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs and demonstrated the relative potency of the vaccines against new VOCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray Profiling of Vaccination-Induced Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Concern

Svetlova

Gustin

Manuvera

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Hence, vaccination in patients with PNH with the Gam-COVID-Vac may be effective for COVID-19 prevention. This result of vaccine efficacy is slightly less than in the general population [ 16 ]. However, it must be taken into account that the majority of patients with PNH received complement blocking therapy, and in some cases had bone marrow failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Features of COVID-19’s Course and the Efficacy of the Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Ptushkin,

Arshanskaya,

Vinogradova

et al. 2023

Hematology Reports

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COVID-19 and other infectious diseases can exacerbate the course of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The efficacy and safety of the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine in patients with PNH has not been adequately studied. A retrospective, observational, cohort, non-comparative study was performed to assess the course of COVID-19 as well as the safety and efficacy of the Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) vaccine in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The study included data from 52 patients with PNH aged 18 to 75 years, 38 of whom received background therapy with eculizumab (Elizaria®) between March 2020 and January 2022. COVID-19 was diagnosed according to the results of PCR testing. The patients were divided into two groups for comparison of the incidence of COVID-19. Group 1 included non-vaccinated patients with PNH, and Group 2 included patients vaccinated prior to the onset of COVID-19. According to vaccination, patients were subdivided into non-vaccinated and vaccinated groups without signs of previous COVID-19 at the beginning of the analyzed period, and patients vaccinated half a year or more after recovery from COVID-19. Testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels was carried out in patients with PNH in the year after their COVID-19. Tests for anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels were performed on vaccinated patients. In total, 28 (53.8%) of the enrolled patients had COVID-19, including asymptomatic forms in 7 (25%) and mild forms in 16 (57%) patients. A total of 22 (42.3%) patients were fully vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac, of which 13 (25%) patients were vaccinated without the signs of previous SARS-CoV-2infection, and 9 (17.3%) patients were vaccinated after COVID-19. The number of patients who had COVID-19 was about two times higher in Group 1 (non-vaccinated; 24) (61.5%), whereas in Group 2 (vaccinated), the number of patients with COVID-19 was only 4 (30.8%). The proportion and number of patients who did not have COVID-19 was higher in the group of vaccinated patients (9; 69.2%) than in the group of non-vaccinated patients (15; 38.5%) (p = 0.054). In patients who had been infected with COVID-19, maximum concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were observed 2–3 months after the acute infection phase, followed by a gradual decline by month 9–10. The mean RBD IgG concentration was higher in the group of patients who had been infected by COVID-19 than in the group of patients without COVID-19 (p = 0.047). Therapy type, including eculizumab, did not have a significant impact on RBD IgG titers (p > 0.05). Hospitalization was required in five (18%) patients, all of whom had breakthrough hemolysis and severe lung damage on CT scans. After the first dose, adverse events (AEs) were reported in 41% of the patients (body temperature increased in 18%; headache in 13.6%; and pain in joints in 4.5%; colitis exacerbation was observed in 4.5%). After the second dose, no AEs were reported. The performed study suggests the possible efficacy and demonstrates the safety of Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) for the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in patients with PNH who experience immunosuppression due to target therapy.

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“…The monitoring of vaccine effectiveness (VE) should be a priority for epidemiological research throughout the future COVID-19 pandemic. It is well established that VE against infection declines with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and structured programs are therefore required [ 149 ].…”

Section: Conclusion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Gattinger

Ohradanova‐Repic

Valenta

2023

IJMS

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More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part of the repertoire of viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them the development of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, vaccination and the current dominance of seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging to the omicron lineage, the COVID-19 situation has stabilized. However, several challenges remain and the possible new occurrence of highly pathogenic variants remains a threat. Here we review the development, features and importance of assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In particular we focus on in vitro infection assays and molecular interaction assays studying the binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. These assays, but not the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies per se, can inform us of whether antibodies produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against the infection and thus have the potential to predict the risk of becoming newly infected. This information is extremely important given the fact that a considerable number of subjects, in particular vulnerable persons, respond poorly to the vaccination with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, these assays allow to determine and evaluate the virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccines and administration of plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 variants or synthetic compounds to be used for therapy of COVID-19 and assist in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Both types of assays can be relatively quickly adapted to newly emerging virus variants to inform us about the magnitude of cross-neutralization, which may even allow us to estimate the risk of becoming infected by newly appearing virus variants. Given the paramount importance of the infection and interaction assays we discuss their specific features, possible advantages and disadvantages, technical aspects and not yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting the degree of in vivo protection.

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Gam-COVID-Vac, EpiVacCorona, and CoviVac effectiveness against lung injury during Delta and Omicron variant surges in St. Petersburg, Russia: a test-negative case–control study

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Microarray Profiling of Vaccination-Induced Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Concern

Microarray Profiling of Vaccination-Induced Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Concern

The Features of COVID-19’s Course and the Efficacy of the Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

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