Gambaran Faktor Risiko Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah yang Dirawat di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang

Abstract

Abstrak
 Latar Belakang. Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi yang mempunyai berat lahir kurang dari 2500 gram yang ditimbang pada saat setelah lahir. Saat ini BBLR menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian neonatus terbanyak di Kota Padang. Banyak faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah, seperti usia ibu, paritas, jarak kehamilan, status gizi, antenatal care, anemia, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi, penyakit saat hamil, plasenta previa, solusio plasenta, kelainan kongenital, dan kehamilan ganda.
 Objektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko bayi berat lahir rendah yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang pada periode 1 Januari – 31 Desembar tahun 2019.
 Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 sampel.
 Hasil. Hasil penelitian didapatkan beberapa faktor risiko sebagai berikut : usia ibu berisiko (28,17%), paritas nullipara (35,21%), jarak kehamilan berisiko (8,45%), riwayat antenatal care berisiko (4,23%), ibu anemia (33,80%), status pendidikan rendah (73,24%), status sosial ekonomi rendah (54,93%), penyakit saat hamil (76,06%), kelainan plasenta (5,63%), kelainan kongenital (8,45%), dan kehamilan ganda (22,54%).
 Kesimpulan. Faktor risiko yang paling banyak terjadi pada bayi berat lahir rendah adalah penyakit saat hamil, status pendidikan rendah, dan status sosial ekonomi rendah.
 Kata kunci: BBLR, faktor risiko, neonatus
 
 Abstract
 Background. Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby is when the infant is weighed less than 2500 grams at the time after birth. Low Birth Weight baby is one of the leading causes of neonates deaths in Padang. There are several factors causing LBW babies, such as maternal age, parity, space between pregnancy, nutrition, antenatal care, anemia, low educational status, low socioeconomic status, disease during pregnancy, placenta previa, placenta abruption, congenital abnormality, and multiple pregnancies. 
 Objective.This study was aimed to describe the risk factors of 
 LBW babies who were treated at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from 1st January – 31st December 2019.
 Methods. This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Seventy-one samples were selected by simple random sampling.
 Results. The results of the study describe risk factors of LBW babies as follows mother with threatening age (28.17%), nullipara parity (35.21%), the distance of hazardous pregnancies (8.45%), nutritional status of underweight (12.68%), history of risky antenatal care ( 4.23%), maternal anemia (33.80%), low educational status (73.24%), low socioeconomic status (54.93%), illness during pregnancy (76.06%), placental disorders (5.63) %), congenital abnormalities (8.45%), and multiple pregnancies (22.54%). 
 Conclusion. The most critical risk factors for low birth weight babies are illness during pregnancy, low education status, and low socioeconomic status.
 Keywords: low birth weight baby, risk factors, neonates