Gambling Modes and State Gambling Laws: Changes from 1999 to 2011 and Beyond

Tidwell, Marie-Cecile O.; Welte, John W.; Barnes, Grace M.; Dayanim, Behnam

doi:10.1089/glre.2014.1914

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…We identified the 27 types of gambling by extensive research and going directly to original sources (Tidwell et al 2015). We examined the state constitutions, state statutes and regulations that governed gambling in 1999 and 2011.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between the Number of Types of Legal Gambling and the Rates of Gambling Behaviors and Problems Across U.S. States

et al. 2015

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In this article, we examine the relationship between the total number of types of gambling that are legal in a state and the gambling involvement of state residents. Of particular interest is whether more types of legal gambling are associated with higher rates of problem gambling. Telephone surveys of U.S. adults were conducted in 1999–2000 and 2011–2013. The same questions were used and the data sets were combined for most of the analyses. Gambling exposure was defined as the sum of the number of years that all types were legal. Results tabulated by state showed progressively higher rates of problem gambling, frequent gambling and any past year gambling as the number of legal types of gambling increased. Holding constant the number of legal types, problem gambling rates increased as exposure increased. States with longer exposure to legal lotteries or casinos tended to have higher rates of problem gambling. An analysis was also conducted in which the data sets from 1999 to 2000 and from 2011 to 2013 were compared. Among the states, there was a striking positive relationship between changes in the number of legal types of gambling between the two studies and changes in rates of frequent gambling between the two studies. For states that had fewer types of legal gambling in 2011 than in 1999, the rates of frequent gambling went down. For states that increased their types of legal gambling, rates of frequent gambling typically, but not always, went up. Possible explanations for these results were discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between the Number of Types of Legal Gambling and the Rates of Gambling Behaviors and Problems Across U.S. States

et al. 2015

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“…There have been massive changes in the availability of legal gambling opportunities in the United States over the last half century (Tidwell et al, 2015). Coinciding with this increased availability have been increases in the prevalence of gambling involvement and disorder (Gerstein et al, 1999; Kessler et al, 2008; Shaffer & Hall, 2001; Welte et al, 2011), and a decrease in the average age of gambling initiation (Richmond-Rakerd et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Has the Genetic Contribution to the Propensity to Gamble Increased? Evidence From National Twin Studies Conducted in 1962 and 2002

Slutske

2018

Twin Res Hum Genet

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Social changes, such as the expansion of legal forms of gambling, can influence not only the prevalence of gambling, but can also shape the relative importance of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in the propensity to gamble. In the present study, I examined differences in the prevalence and in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to gambling involvement in the United States in 1962 versus 2002. The data came from two sources: (1) a survey of 839 17-year-old same-sex twin pairs from the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test twin study, and (2) an interview of 477 18- to 26-year-old same-sex twin pairs from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Similar measures of gambling participation were included in the two studies. Evidence for a genotype-by-time interaction was evaluated by testing whether the contribution of genetic influences was greater in the more recently born cohort of twins. Despite the major changes in the gambling landscape over the intervening 40 years, there was no evidence for such an interaction. The contribution of genetic factors and environmental factors did not significantly differ and there was no evidence for genetic influences at either time point. Instead, the variation in the propensity to gamble was explained nearly equally by common and unique environmental factors. Explanations for this surprising finding are discussed.

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“…In most states where gambling is legal, an activity is defined as gambling if it meets all three of the following criteria: "(a) something of value wagered and at-risk (consideration), (b) the opportunity to receive something of value in return (reward or prize), and (c) the element of chance" (Tidwell et al, 2015, p. 14). Tidwell, Welte, Barnes, and Dayanim (2015) identified 24 types of legalized gambling ranging from state-run lotteries and staterun keno-style games to casinos (destination, Indian-run, parimutuel), to racetracks, and online gambling:…”

Section: Results From the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, the United States was slow to legalize gambling, especially in the northeast where only Atlantic City, a mini Las Vegas with mid-to low-end destination casinos, and one tribal casino, Foxwoods, run by the Pequot Indians in Mashantucket, Connecticut, existed. However, when state governments determined that several forms of legalized gambling such as horseracing, lotteries, and casinos could provide additional revenues, a push for gambling legalization increased (Tidwell et al, 2015;Walker and Jackson, 2011), and consequently, more gambling outlets, especially casinos, were authorized and opened. By 2000, 48 states had authorized legal gambling (Petry and Blanco, 2013), with more than 350 casinos operating in 29 states (Wenz, 2014, p. 137).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Gambling legalization continued to increase casino regulation such that casino proliferation expanded across the country (Institute for American Values [IAV, 2013]; Martin et al, 2011;Stansbury et al, 2015;Tolchard, 2015;Tong and Chim, 2013;Welte et al, 2016a;Welte et al, 2016b), including authorization for more casinos in the northeast (Conway, 2015). Connecticut opened Mohegan Sun Casino in 1996, a second tribal operation in Uncasville, while New York and Pennsylvania opened commercial casinos in 2004, and Maryland followed in 2010 (Nower, Volberg, and Caler, 2017;Tidwell et al, 2015). At year-end 2018, the American Gaming Association ([AGA], 2019) reported a record number of 979 casinos, which included 465 commercial casinos (land-based, riverboats, and racinos) and 514 tribal casinos across 43 locations in the country.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The impact of casino proximity on northeast urban communities: a literature review

O’Gilvie

2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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Gambling legalization, regulation, and casino proliferation in the United States have increased casino-gambling participation. The three A’s (accessibility, availability, and acceptability), known as ecological predictors of casino-gambling participation, have also been linked to the flood of casinos, including the influx of urban casinos in major metropolitan cities along the northeast corridor. Links between casino proximity, increased casino participation, and gambling-related problems are reported in the gambling and casino proximity literature but the relationship between casino proximity and urban casino communities have not been fully investigated in current literature. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of casino proximity and northeast urban casinos and host communities to the discussion on the construct, casino proximity and the impact on northeast urban casino communities by explaining the implications to those communities through extensive literature review. The review found that (i) urban casinos are typically placed in low socio-economic communities with some existing gambling culture, (ii) socio-economic improvement are promised to existing disadvantaged communities prior to the adoption of casinos, but modest economic benefits realized in urban casino neighborhoods are unsustainable, and (iii) increased accessibility and availability of urban casinos due to proximity could increase casino participation, which in turn could potentially increase gambling-related problems. Results of this literature review also indicated that gambling-related problems from proximity to casinos could produce negative socio-economic outcomes for host communities. Key stakeholders (including legislators, community workers, social services professionals, scholar-practitioners, and the casino-gambling industry) could benefit from this review given the increase in urban casino in major metro areas, and the potential impact those casinos can have on host and neighboring communities. Although very little is known about the impact of casino proximity on northeast corridor urban casinos in the megalopolis, even less is known about the relationship between proximity of urban casinos and their impact on host communities. Further investigation, particularly on the socio-economic outcomes for urban casino communities, is warranted.

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Gambling Modes and State Gambling Laws: Changes from 1999 to 2011 and Beyond

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship Between the Number of Types of Legal Gambling and the Rates of Gambling Behaviors and Problems Across U.S. States

The Relationship Between the Number of Types of Legal Gambling and the Rates of Gambling Behaviors and Problems Across U.S. States

Has the Genetic Contribution to the Propensity to Gamble Increased? Evidence From National Twin Studies Conducted in 1962 and 2002

The impact of casino proximity on northeast urban communities: a literature review

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