Gambling on Humanitarian Intervention

Kuperman, Alan J.; Crawford, Timothy W.

doi:10.4324/9781315878898

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Does a cacophony of narratives abroad encourage moral hazard among combatants in a war, as each may be able to identify at least a measure of foreign support for their position? So far, studies of moral hazard in civil war have mainly focused on how interventions in the conflict affect such risks (see, among others, Kydd & Straus, 2013;Kuperman & Crawford, 2006). How much of this moral hazard, then, might be caused by what foreign actors say about the conflict and not just by what they do?…”

Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How foreign information campaigns shape US public pronouncements about civil wars

Jones

Mattiacci

2022

Journal of Peace Research

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Governments involved in civil wars often seek to shape foreign perceptions of the conflict and of the government’s role in the conflict. To this end, for example, many such governments have engaged in public diplomacy campaigns (PDCs) in the United States since the end of the Cold War. Specifically, these governments have hired US public relations (PR) and lobbying firms to present favorable narratives of themselves and their role in the conflict. Through PDCs, governments seek to shape US public pronouncements about the governments and the conflict itself. Are PDCs effective tools to reach this goal? We argue that the effect of PDCs is divergent. PDCs help mobilize both supporters and opponents of the sponsoring governments. In so doing, PDCs increase both positive and negative public statements from US officials toward the civil war government. We compile data on PDCs in the United States since the end of the Cold War. Our results have implications for research on foreign influence in foreign policy, combatants’ moral hazard, and international norms about combatant behavior. Moreover, in order to gauge the influence of foreign actors on domestic narratives of civil wars, it is crucial to consider how such foreign actors can indirectly shape the discourse around conflict by mobilizing domestic factions.

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Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How foreign information campaigns shape US public pronouncements about civil wars

Jones

Mattiacci

2022

Journal of Peace Research

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“…Moreover, since victimized groups gain sympathy on the international arena, state actors sometimes “aspire” to the status of a victim. This practice is especially pervasive during military struggles (Kuperman & Crawford, 2006). Both Meister (2002) and Cunliffe (2010) argue that human rights may be used by the mighty against the weak and serve as a new rationale for war.…”

Section: Victimhood and Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such conflict‐instigating narratives were crucial before the genocide in Rwanda, the outbreak of World War I, during the Yugoslav wars, or the First Gulf War. Kuperman and Crawford (2006) look at the collective victimhood of weak actors and show that paradoxically, they can use victimization to their benefit. Drawing on the case of Bosnia, Kosovo, and Darfur, they expose pragmatism of weak actors employing self‐perceived victimhood “strategically” in order to gain international support.…”

Section: Victimhood and Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors argue that during armed conflicts that threaten the existence of a belligerent, victim claims are less persistent in its public communication than during operations that do not pose a serious threat to its welfare. Building on Kuperman and Crawford's (2006) investigations of strategic dimension of victimhood, it is contended that during warfare, political elites' usage of victim narratives weakens if their party's mere existence is endangered. Even though the victimhood ethos is a useful tool in advocating for gaining support of actors uninvolved in the conflict, in cases in which the survival of the belligerent is endangered, it is likely they will refrain from using this narrative.…”

Section: Victimhood and Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Victimhood Goes to War? Israel and Victim Claims

Markiewicz

Sharvit

2020

Political Psychology

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Prominent sociopsychological approaches interpret collective victimhood as inseparable, central characteristic of societies involved in intractable conflicts. Victimhood is broadly perceived as an essential conflict‐supportive belief also in other disciplines. In the context of Israel, there is a cross‐disciplinary consensus that collective victimhood is the country's foundational identity. This project argues that states' employment of this theme changes and is context dependent. It discusses under what conditions Israel's political elites incorporate victim narratives towards armed conflicts. It examines public communication during the 2012 Operation Pillar of Defense (OPD) and the Yom Kippur war of 1973 (YKW). Employing a modified method of narrative conceptualization analysis, the research demonstrates that victim narratives were used almost twice as much during OPD than during YKW. The findings suggest that we need to differentiate between the role these narratives play for collectives versus states. For the latter, the presence of victim narratives is highly variable and reflects strategic developments. The project is the first systematic study exposing that victim narratives can be a challenge for governance. By conceptualizing victim narratives as claims, it captures the dynamic, contextual characteristics of collective victimhood in state affairs offering a theoretical tool for understanding the political dimension of this identification.

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“…In both Libya and Syria, Western intervention has had significant repercussions: Kuperman estimated that, 'NATO intervention magnified the death toll in Libya by about seven to ten times. ' 70 Moreover, Libyan society fragmented along sectarian lines. At the same time, public health and security collapsed, sending bursts of refugees towards Europe.…”

Section: Ideological Domination: Humanitarianism Atrocities Management and Elite Utility Of Sufferingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate-Market Power and Ideological Domination: The Propaganda Model after 30 Years – Relevance and Further Application

Zollmann

2018

The Propaganda Model Today: Filtering Perception and Awareness

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The technological architecture of the NME enables one-to-many and many-tomany flows of communication on a hitherto unprecedented scale. The World Wide Web, as a major service of the internet, allows for a multitude of applications that can be utilized in different ways to distribute information. Digitalization has eliminated spectrum scarcity entry barriers so that any individual or organization can set up web-applications to distribute information or otherwise communicate with people on local, national and international levels. With current technology, textual, audial, or visual information can easily be uploaded on a website and instantly be distributed across the globe. Further-

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Gambling on Humanitarian Intervention

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

How foreign information campaigns shape US public pronouncements about civil wars

How foreign information campaigns shape US public pronouncements about civil wars

When Victimhood Goes to War? Israel and Victim Claims

Corporate-Market Power and Ideological Domination: The Propaganda Model after 30 Years – Relevance and Further Application

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