Gambling spending and its concentration on problem gamblers

Fiedler, Ingo; Kairouz, Sylvia; Costes, Jean-Michel; Weißmüller, Kristina S.

doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.040

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is well established that gambling has strong redistributive effects, and state-controlled gambling in particular can be regarded as regressive form of taxation [11, 23, 24]. Gambling is also a very concentrated activity [11, 25, 26]; in Finland half of the revenue comes from 5% of gamblers, about 23% of the gambling revenue comes from problem gamblers, and about 30% of the gambling revenue comes from those in precarious social and financial positions (unemployed, or retired due to age or illness) [27]. Moreover, EGM gambling seems to be especially concentrated; it has been estimated in Australia that problem gamblers contribute about 40% of the total EGM revenue [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The density of electronic gambling machines and area-level socioeconomic status in Finland: a country with a legal monopoly on gambling and a decentralised system of EGMs

et al. 2019

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Background Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are considered a risky form of gambling. Internationally, studies have reported that the density of EGMs tends to be higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas than in more advantaged ones. We examined whether this holds true in the Finnish context where a decentralised system of EGMs guarantees wide accessibility to this form of gambling. More precisely, we investigated the association between the density of EGMs and area-level socio-economic status (SES). Methods The primary measure was the EGM density, referring to the number of EGMs per 1000 adults. The area-level SES was defined on the basis of the median income of inhabitants, the proportion of unemployment in the area and educational attainment (% of those beyond primary education). Three additional area characteristics were used as control variables in the analyses; the overall population density, economic activity (the number of jobs in the area per employed inhabitant), and the mean age of the inhabitants. Analyses were based on linear regression. Results The EGM density was 3.68 per 1000 inhabitants ( SD = 2.63 ). A lower area-level SES was correlated with a higher EGM density. In further analyses, this effect was mostly explained by the income of the inhabitants. Of the control variables, the population density had no detectable effect on the EGM density while areas with a higher mean age of the inhabitants, as well a higher density of jobs, had more EGMs. Conclusions EGMs are unequally located in Finland, with more EGMs located in socio-economically less advantaged areas. The higher machine density in areas of social disadvantage is not in line with the aim of the Finnish gambling policy, which is to prevent and reduce harm caused by gambling. Changes in policy are required, especially with regard to the decisions on the placement of EGMs. This should not be made solely by gaming operators and/or from fiscal perspectives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The density of electronic gambling machines and area-level socioeconomic status in Finland: a country with a legal monopoly on gambling and a decentralised system of EGMs

et al. 2019

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“…This approach incorporates coding content into themes similar to how to analysis the interview transcripts [8]. Content analysis in subject matter categories has been applied to a wide variety of document analysis, such as textbooks, speeches, and print advertising [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature shows that the impact of health warnings depends upon their size and design: whereas obscure text-only warnings appear to have little impact, prominent health warnings on the face of packages serve as a prominent source of health information for smokers and non-smokers, can increase health knowledge and perceptions of risk and can promote smoking cessation [9].…”

Section: A Cigarette In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Dominican Republic's statement said to the DSB was "we fully shares Australia's health objectives, but considers that its plain packaging measures fail to have the desired health effects of reducing tobacco industry, then it means that the plain packaging is not only an ineffective health policy, but on the other hand, it is also something that could damage fair competition in the marketplace. Therefore, it was inconsistent with Australia's obligations under the WTO Agreement on TRIPS and the Agreement" [9].…”

Section: A Cigarette In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cigarette: The GATT non-discrimination clause

Kurniaputra¹,

Saraswati²,

Joemadi³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018)

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This article seeks to understand how dispute occurs between Indonesia and other countries (i.e. Australia and the United States of America) concerning the clove cigarettes, which involves the cigarette company from Indonesia. Using an interpretive-inductive research method, we draw on cases studies from international dispute settlement to understand how the international trade takes place. The results indicate that dispute settlement system allows the developing countries to transform the diplomatic resolution of the case with legal guidance to a quasi-judicialized system to avoid "trade wars".

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“…Psychological interest in gambling typically concerns the ability of an activity to influence behaviours such as spending and frequency of participation [9,27]. These activities require differentiation from simple risk-taking or chance-based play, in that some may foster potentially adverse behaviours [4].…”

Section: Psychological Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethereum Crypto-Games: Mechanics, Prevalence, and Gambling Similarities

Scholten

Hughes

Deterding

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play

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Ethereum crypto-games are a booming and relatively unexplored area of the games industry. While there is no consensus definition yet, 'crypto-games' commonly denotes games that store tokens, e.g. in-game items, on a distributed ledger atop a cryptocurrency network. This enables the trading of game items for cryptocurrency, which can then be exchanged for regular currency. Together with their chance-based mechanics, this makes crypto-games part of the recent convergence of digital gaming and gambling. In a first effort to scope the field, this paper surveys popular crypto-games, which use the Ethereum cryptocurrency, to tease out characteristic technical properties and gameplay. It then compares the games' features with criteria found in current legal and psychological definitions of gambling. We find that the popular crypto-games selected meet a combined legal and psychological definition of gambling, and conclude with ramifications for future research. CCS Concepts •Applied computing → Electronic data interchange;

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Gambling spending and its concentration on problem gamblers

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

The density of electronic gambling machines and area-level socioeconomic status in Finland: a country with a legal monopoly on gambling and a decentralised system of EGMs

The density of electronic gambling machines and area-level socioeconomic status in Finland: a country with a legal monopoly on gambling and a decentralised system of EGMs

Cigarette: The GATT non-discrimination clause

Ethereum Crypto-Games: Mechanics, Prevalence, and Gambling Similarities

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