Game theoretic vulnerability management for secondary frequency control of islanded microgrids against false data injection attacks

Abstract

While most existing works ignore securing the communication of control signals in microgrids' centralized secondary frequency control, here, a stochastic game between the microgrid control centre (MGCC) and the attacker for enhancing the vulnerability of the MGCC to false data injection (FDI) attack (wireless spoof attack) is proposed. The vulnerability to wireless spoof attack is assessed based on the controllability Gramian when the FDI attack is modelled as the malicious control input that aims to drive the microgrid state to undesired values. In the formulated zero-sum two-player Markov game, the state is uniquely associated with the vulnerability index defined by the trace of the controllability Gramian with respect to the attack input. Moreover, the utility function of the stochastic game includes not only the costs related to conducting spoof attack and encryption actions but also the possible remedy costs associated with the resulted vulnerability levels. In turn, the potential impacts of the cyber-layer action choices on the performance of the physical power system are considered when designing the optimal attack and defence strategies. A distribution feeder system with four distributed generators (DGs) is used for simulation studies. The vulnerability assessment results show that the vulnerability level increases when the attacker compromises more on the communication links between the MGCC and DGs. In the simulated game, mixed stationary attack and defence strategies are predominate when considering the uncertainty of the other player.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Sampled‐data synchronization of singular Markovian jump system: Application to DC motor model

“…Markovian jump systems (MJSs) emerge as a promising research topic since they have the ability to describe an extensive range of physical models when there are sudden changes or random perturbations in the environment. With intensified and extensive research by scholars, MJSs can be applied to a widespread range of practical engineering problems, such as bilateral teleoperation systems [1], resource allocation in a server cluster [2], four distributed generators [3], and vertical take-off landing (VTOL) helicopter model [4]. Simultaneously, singular systems are a class of systems that have a wider degree of applicability than regular systems, comprising slow-variable subsystems characterised with differential or difference expressions and fast-variable subsystems characterised by algebraic expressions.…”