Game Theory-Based Cooperation for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Review, Research Challenges and Directions

Abstract

Exploring and monitoring the underwater world using underwater sensors is drawing a lot of attention these days. In this field cooperation between acoustic sensor nodes has been a critical problem due to the challenging features such as acoustic channel failure (sound signal), long propagation delay of acoustic signal, limited bandwidth and loss of connectivity. There are several proposed methods to improve cooperation between the nodes by incorporating information/game theory in the node’s cooperation. However, there is a need to classify the existing works and demonstrate their performance in addressing the cooperation issue. In this paper, we have conducted a review to investigate various factors affecting cooperation in underwater acoustic sensor networks. We study various cooperation techniques used for underwater acoustic sensor networks from different perspectives, with a concentration on communication reliability, energy consumption, and security and present a taxonomy for underwater cooperation. Moreover, we further review how the game theory can be applied to make the nodes cooperate with each other. We further analyze different cooperative game methods, where their performance on different metrics is compared. Finally, open issues and future research direction in underwater acoustic sensor networks are highlighted.

Cooperative Authentication in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

“…Each simulation run corresponds to the transmission of a total of six packets from the legitimate transmitter to all trusted nodes, and of one packet from the attacker, also directed to all trusted nodes. Each packet includes 100 symbols, out of which each trusted node produces 100 estimates of the channels' number of taps (3), relative RMS delay spread (6), and the smoothed received power (8), which have been found to offer sufficient diversity to enable our authentication scheme. Since the transmitted signals were wideband (relative to the carrier frequency) and transmitted with high SNR, channel estimates were obtained by processing the received signals through a normalized matched filter.…”

A Review of Underwater Localization Techniques, Algorithms, and Challenges

“…Successfully forwarding and transferring data between participating sensor nodes in the UASN is an important aspect of reliability. Reliability guarantees successful delivery of packets between sensor nodes participating in collaborative processes [100]. The review of this study found that reliability is the most important aspect, but unfortunately, most of the current studies have not considered.…”

“…Efficiency is also a basic aspect in a communication network to provide an efficient cooperative mechanism and to facilitate communication among different nodes. Based on our review of the current algorithms, it has been found that no method takes into account this aspect [100,101]. Collaborative controlling activities require an efficient method for successful data forwarding and delivery in underwater localization.…”

Untitled

“…The projected protocol consists of two parts named as Candidate Node choice part for shrewd Fitness by the causation Node and target node choice phase by the knowledge of routing Table and choose the forwarding node with highest fitness as Target Node [15]. Every of those elements are mentioned during this section.…”