“…An overview of the current UAV path planning strategies is presented in Zhao et al (2021) and Flores-Caballero et al (2020). In literature, there are several different solution alternatives, including exact and heuristic algorithms, such as stochastic heuristics (Sahingoz, 2014;Liu et al, 2019;Van Nguyen et al, 2022;Shao et al, 2022), deterministic heuristics (Mandal et al, 2021;Li et al, 2019), hybridization of stochastic and deterministic heuristics (Geng et al, 2014;Yue and Zhang, 2018;Chen et al, 2022aChen et al, , 2022bZhang et al, 2022;Jia et al, 2022), hybridization of different stochastic heuristics (Cai et al, 2016;Haghighi et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021), hybridization of heuristics and exact methods (Wang et al, 2014;Shao et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2022aChen et al, , 2022b and exact methods Cheng et al, 2022). There are some drawbacks of these studies, such as straight path constructions (Jia et al, 2022), application on relatively simple problems (Cheng et al, 2022), ignoring real-life constraints, such as obstacle and collision avoidance, which are important for multi-UAV systems (Shao et al, 2022;Mandal et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2022aChen et al, , 2022bWang and Du, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022) and underestimation of altitude limitations (Sahingoz, 2014;Mandal et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022;.…”