Game Theory-driven Rate Control for 360-Degree Video Coding

Zhao, Tiesong; Lin, Jielian; Song, Yanjie; Wang, Xu; Niu, Yuzhen

doi:10.1145/3474085.3475657

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A VR system uses computer simulation to generate a 3D space, providing users with a simulation of vision and interaction without restrictions. A much more advanced technology is mixed reality (MR), which is a mix of the real-world environment with AR and VR technologies [151]- [153]. This unique experience requires redefining the perceptual quality indicators used in the video encoding process, implementing RDO, and outputting stable and high-quality code streams.…”

Section: Rc Methods For Various Advanced Video Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Rate Control: From Optimization to Implementation and Beyond

Wei¹,

Zhou²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Video coding is a video compression technique that compresses the original video sequence to achieve a smaller archive file or a lower transmission bandwidth under constraints on the visual quality loss. Rate control (RC) plays a critical role in video coding. It can achieve stable stream output in practical applications, especially in real-time video applications such as video conferencing or game live streaming. Most RC algorithms directly or indirectly characterize the relationship between the bit rate (R) and quantization (Q) and then allocate bits for every coding unit to guarantee the global bit rate and video quality level. This paper comprehensively reviews the classic RC technologies used in international video standards of past generations, analyses the mathematical models and implementation mechanisms of various schemes, and compares the performance of recent state-of-the-art RC algorithms. Finally, we discuss future directions and new application areas for RC methods. We hope that this review can help support the development, implementation, and application of RC in new video coding standards.

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Section: Rc Methods For Various Advanced Video Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Rate Control: From Optimization to Implementation and Beyond

Wei¹,

Zhou²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They also analyzed the relationship between different temporal layers and employed it to define the utility function for Nash equilibrium. Based on the statistical characteristics of panoramic pictures, Zhao et al [26] introduced the game theory to the RC for 360-degree video coding and allocated the bit rate band by band. Gao et al [5] adopted support vector machine-based multi-classification scheme to determine RD model for all CTUs.…”

Section: Game Theory For Video Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the game theory has been adopted in the RC at different levels of coding units, such as CTU [1,5], band [26], and frame [23,24]. In such a bargaining game of RC, each player is expected to obtain a fair share of total bit rate whilst minimizing the overall distortion.…”

Section: Game Theory For Video Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Game theory is an efficient strategy to balance fairness and efficiency in the case of opaque information for the limited resource allocation problem (e.g., the one-pass RC problem in HEVC). Some studies have implied that game theory can perform well in the CTU-based [1,5], band-based [26], and frame-based [24] bit rate allocations in H.264 or HEVC. In these methods, the bit rate allocation for different levels of coding unit was defined as a Nash equilibrium problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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$λ$-domain VVC Rate Control Based on Game Theory

Lin¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Versatile Video Coding (VVC) has set a new milestone in highefficiency video coding. In the standard encoder, the -domain rate control is incorporated for its high accuracy and good Rate-Distortion (RD) performance. In this paper, we formulate this task as a Nash equilibrium problem that effectively bargains between multiple agents, i.e., Coding Tree Units (CTUs) in the frame. After that, we calculate the optimal value with a two-step strategy: a Newton method to iteratively obtain an intermediate variable, and a solution of Nash equilibrium to obtain the optimal . Finally, we propose an effective CTU-level rate allocation with the optimal value. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to combine game theory withdomain rate control. Experimental results with Common Test Conditions (CTC) demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, which outperforms the state-of-the-art CTU-level rate allocation algorithms.

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Panoramic Video Inter Frame Prediction and Viewport Prediction Based on Background Modeling

Wang,

et al. 2024

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Game Theory-driven Rate Control for 360-Degree Video Coding

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Recent Advances in Rate Control: From Optimization to Implementation and Beyond

Recent Advances in Rate Control: From Optimization to Implementation and Beyond

$λ$-domain VVC Rate Control Based on Game Theory

Panoramic Video Inter Frame Prediction and Viewport Prediction Based on Background Modeling

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