Game Transfer Phenomena and its associated factors: An exploratory empirical online survey study

Gortari, Angelica B. Ortiz de; Griffiths, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.060

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Further research should be undertaken to better understand why some gamers experience distress due to GTP experiences while others do not". Moreover, the majority of the gamers surveyed that reported having experienced GTP, were from a non-clinical population and had never used drugs 38 (or were under the influence of them) when GTP occurredbeen significantly associated with medical conditions, and a small number of those that have experienced GTP (3.5%) consider they are problem gamers or suffer from gaming addiction 38 . Gamers that have experienced GTP reported playing excessively but playing excessively is not a requisite for experiencing GTP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent empirical findings suggested that GTP experiences are heightened by greater videogame session length 38 . Therefore, an observed positive association between participants' session length and the overall score obtained in the GTPS would be indicative of the scale's criterion-related validity since these variables are expected to co-vary both at the theoretical and empirical level.…”

Section: Criterion-related Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Game Transfer Phenomena Scale: An Instrument for Investigating the Nonvolitional Effects of Video Game Playing

Gortari

Pontes

Griffiths

2015

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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A variety of instruments have been developed to assess different dimensions of playing videogames and its effects on cognitions, affect, and behaviors. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Game Transfer Phenomena Scale (GTPS) that assesses non-volitional phenomena experienced after playing videogames (i.e., altered perceptions, automatic mental processes, and involuntary behaviors). A total of 1,736 gamers participated in an online survey used as the basis for the analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm the factorial structure of the GTPS. The five-factor structure using the 20 indicators based on the analysis of gamers' self-reports fitted the data well. Population cross-validity was also achieved and the positive associations between the session length and overall scores indicate the GTPS warranted criterion-related validity. Although the understanding of GTP is still in its infancy, the GTPS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing non-volitional gaming-related phenomena. The GTPS can be used for understanding the phenomenology of post-effects of playing videogames.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Criterion-related Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Game Transfer Phenomena Scale: An Instrument for Investigating the Nonvolitional Effects of Video Game Playing

Gortari

Pontes

Griffiths

2015

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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“…Following this first published study, a series of qualitative studies by Ortiz de Gortari and Griffiths extended the findings in the first GTP study and examined over 1,600 gamers' selfreports about GTP in different modalities (e.g., altered sensorial perceptions, mental processes and behaviors) and demonstrated that such phenomena were relatively commonplace among gamers (Ortiz de Gortari & Griffiths, 2014a;2014b;2014c;Ortiz de Gortari & Griffiths, 2015).…”

Section: Downloaded By [Mark Griffiths] At 00:14 17 March 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characteristics of Game Transfer Phenomena: A Descriptive Survey Study

Gortari

Griffiths

2016

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

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Previous qualitative studies suggest that gamers experience Game Transfer Phenomena (GTP), a variety of non-volitional phenomena related to playing videogames including thoughts, urges, images, sounds when not playing. To investigate (i) which types of GTP were more common and (ii) their general characteristics, the present study surveyed a total of 2,362 gamers via an online survey. The majority of the participants were male, students, aged between 18 and 27 years, and 'hard-core' gamers. Most participants reported having experienced at least one type of GTP at some point (96.6%), the majority having experienced GTP more than once with many reporting 6 to 10 different types of GTP. Results demonstrated that videogame players experienced (i) altered visual perceptions (ii) altered auditory perceptions (iii) altered body perceptions (iv) automated mental processes, and (v) behaviors. In most cases, GTP could not be explained by being under the influence of a psychoactive substance. The GTP experiences were usually shortlived, tended to occur after videogame playing rather than during play, occurred recurrently, and usually occurred while doing day-to-day activities. One in five gamers had experienced some A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 type of distress or dysfunction due to GTP. Many experienced GTP as pleasant and some wanted GTP to happen again.

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“…One person reported seeing floating health bars above their opponents while playing soccer; others said they felt their bodies begin to strafe from side-toside as if controlled by a joystick. In a 2015 study of 2,362 gamers, Ortiz de Gortari, now at the University of Liège in Belgium, and her coauthors reported that 97% of the gamers reported having experienced GTP (12). And in a study published in 2016, she and her colleagues found that people with severe GTP are more likely to have problematic or addictive gaming habits (13).…”

Section: South Korea's Gaming Obsessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is video game addiction really an addiction?

Zastrow¹

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Game Transfer Phenomena and its associated factors: An exploratory empirical online survey study

Cited by 52 publications

References 62 publications

The Game Transfer Phenomena Scale: An Instrument for Investigating the Nonvolitional Effects of Video Game Playing

The Game Transfer Phenomena Scale: An Instrument for Investigating the Nonvolitional Effects of Video Game Playing

Prevalence and Characteristics of Game Transfer Phenomena: A Descriptive Survey Study

Is video game addiction really an addiction?

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