The current study was conducted primarily to investigate and estimate <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentrations and the external dose rate due to fallout radionuclide <sup>137</sup>Cs. Soil samples were collected from different 25 locations at Riyadh Province and analyzed using low level γ-spectrometry equipped with HPGe-detector. <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentrations and calculated dose rate were found in the range of 0.8 - 3.1 Bq<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';font-size:10pt;"><span>·</span></span></a>kg<sup>–1</sup> and 0.05 to 0.8 nSv<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';font-size:10pt;"><span>·</span></span></a>h<sup>–1</sup> with an average value of 1.70 ± 0.7 Bq<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';font-size:10pt;"><span>·</span></span></a>kg<sup>–1</sup> and 0.11 ± 0.05 nSv<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';font-size:10pt;"><span>·</span></span></a>h<sup>–1</sup> respectively. The measured <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentration range was compared with the reported ranges in the literature from some of the other locations in the world. Results obtained in this study show that <sup>137</sup>Cs concentration is of a lower level in the investigated area. However, the range of <sup>137</sup>Cs concentrations observed in this study is significantly high relative to similar data reported from Libya. The average value of estimated external effective dose rate is found far below the dose rate limit of of 1.0 mSv<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';font-size:10pt;">·</span>y<sup>–1</sup> for members of the general public recom-mended by ICRP as well as the external gamma radiation dose of 0.48 mSv<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';font-size:10pt;">·</span>y<sup>–1</sup> received per head from the natural sources of radiation assessed by (UNSCEAR, 2000). It is concluded that <sup>137</sup>Cs soil contamination does not pose radia-tion hazards to the population in the investigated areas