Gamma and Beta Bursts Underlie Working Memory

Lundqvist, Mikael; Rose, Jonas; Herman, Pawel; Brincat, Scott L.; Buschman, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.028

Cited by 733 publications

(1,025 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…21 in animals (Lundqvist et al, 2016), and that such bursts are associated with memory encoding and decoding (Sherman et al, 2016). Overall, such findings indicate that there is ample evidence that brain activity is parceled into blocks of stable activity patterns that last roughly 100 ms, similar to EEG microstates.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 81%

EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review

2018

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SummaryThe present review discusses a well-established method for characterizing resting-state activity of the human brain using multichannel electroencephalography (EEG). This method involves the examination of electrical microstates in the brain, which are defined as successive short time periods during which the configuration of the scalp potential field remains semi-stable, suggesting quasi-simultaneity of activity among the nodes of largescale networks. A few prototypic microstates, which occur in a repetitive sequence across time, can be reliably identified across participants. Researchers have proposed that these microstates represent the basic building blocks of the chain of spontaneous conscious mental processes, and that their occurrence and temporal dynamics determine the quality of mentation. Several studies have further demonstrated that disturbances of mental processes associated with neurological and psychiatric conditions manifest as changes in the temporal dynamics of specific microstates. Combined EEG-fMRI studies and EEG source imaging studies have indicated that EEG microstates are closely associated with resting-state networks as identified using fMRI. The scale-free properties of the time series of EEG microstates explain why similar networks can be observed at such different time scales.The present review will provide an overview of these EEG microstates, available methods for analysis, the functional interpretations of findings regarding these microstates, and their behavioral and clinical correlates.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 81%

EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review

2018

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“…We also found a spatially tuned elevation in gamma band activity , but not in the corresponding spiking activity, only during the delay epoch, whose activity predicted saccade reaction times and the cells' saccade tuning. In contrast, beta band activity (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) showed a nonspatially selective suppression during the saccade epoch. Taken together, these results suggest that motor plans leading to saccades may be generated internally within the FEF from local activity represented by gamma activity.…”

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confidence: 77%

“…Specifically, the role of gamma band activity in the cerebral cortex has been a critical topic of discussion over the past decade because its activity has been correlated with cognitive roles such as attentional load (17)(18)(19), perceptual processes (20), and memory (21,22). While the timing of gamma activity and its tuning properties make it a plausible candidate in mediating sensory-motor integration processes (23,24), the link between saccade planning and gamma activity in FEF, is still unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of the LFP and spiking activity reveals essential components of a visuomotor transformation in the frontal eye field

Sendhilnathan

Basu

Murthy

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The frontal eye field (FEF) is a key brain region to study visuomotor transformations because the primary input to FEF is visual in nature, whereas its output reflects the planning of behaviorally relevant saccadic eye movements. In this study, we used a memory-guided saccade task to temporally dissociate the visual epoch from the saccadic epoch through a delay epoch, and used the local field potential (LFP) along with simultaneously recorded spike data to study the visuomotor transformation process. We showed that visual latency of the LFP preceded spiking activity in the visual epoch, whereas spiking activity preceded LFP activity in the saccade epoch. We also found a spatially tuned elevation in gamma band activity (30-70 Hz), but not in the corresponding spiking activity, only during the delay epoch, whose activity predicted saccade reaction times and the cells' saccade tuning. In contrast, beta band activity (13-30 Hz) showed a nonspatially selective suppression during the saccade epoch. Taken together, these results suggest that motor plans leading to saccades may be generated internally within the FEF from local activity represented by gamma activity.T he process of generating a motor plan from visual information entails a visuomotor transformation. The frontal eye field (FEF) is one of the cortical regions that contributes to the visuomotor transformation process by participating in critical events such as target selection (1-3) and saccade preparation (4-6). In addition to FEF, other oculomotor areas such as the lateral intraparietal cortex (7), the supplementary eye fields (8), the superior colliculus (9), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (10) also possess neurons with similar properties as FEF neurons. Thus, a central question that remains unresolved is to what extent do the response properties of FEF neurons represent a cause versus a consequence of computations occurring elsewhere.One approach to resolve this question of causation versus consequence, in the context of target selection, was the use of simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP) and spikesmaking use of the idea that the LFP represents synchronized input coming into a brain area, as opposed to spiking activity, which is thought to represent output (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Using this approach, Monosov et al. showed that FEF received spatially nonselective input through LFP earlier than spikes in the early visual epoch; however, in the consequent target selection epoch, spiking activity of FEF neurons evolved spatial selectivity and actively discriminated between the behaviorally relevant and the irrelevant stimuli earlier than the LFP (1). Such a temporal relationship between LFP and spikes during target selection in FEF has also been studied by others using simultaneously recorded LFP and spikes, converging to the same evidence (5, 16). However, whereas these studies suggest a causal role for FEF in visual selection, the causal role of FEF in saccade preparation has not yet been reported. In this study, we asked whether sac...

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“…We speculate that the observed delta signatures might reflect slow cortical potentials, which could be functionally similar to up and down states. These observations highlight the need for single trial analyses to better understand the dynamic time course of human cognition (39). We sampled behavioral performance over 850 ms, which does not allow assessing fluctuations below 2 Hz; hence, we speculate that exact frequency might be influenced by the experimental timing (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal cortex modulates posterior alpha oscillations during top-down guided visual perception

Helfrich

Huang

Wilson

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

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Conscious visual perception is proposed to arise from the selective synchronization of functionally specialized but widely distributed cortical areas. It has been suggested that different frequency bands index distinct canonical computations. Here, we probed visual perception on a fine-grained temporal scale to study the oscillatory dynamics supporting prefrontal-dependent sensory processing. We tested whether a predictive context that was embedded in a rapid visual stream modulated the perception of a subsequent near-threshold target. The rapid stream was presented either rhythmically at 10 Hz, to entrain parietooccipital alpha oscillations, or arrhythmically. We identified a 2-to 4-Hz delta signature that modulated posterior alpha activity and behavior during predictive trials. Importantly, deltamediated top-down control diminished the behavioral effects of bottom-up alpha entrainment. Simultaneous source-reconstructed EEG and cross-frequency directionality analyses revealed that this delta activity originated from prefrontal areas and modulated posterior alpha power. Taken together, this study presents converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for frontal deltamediated top-down control of posterior alpha activity, selectively facilitating visual perception.top-down control | directional cross-frequency coupling | prefrontal cortex | alpha oscillations | phase-amplitude coupling V isual perception is flexible, selective, and rapidly integrates sensory evidence with endogenous high-level expectations and predictions (1, 2). It has been suggested that rhythmic brain activity constitutes a key mechanism to coordinate information flow in the human cerebral cortex by transiently forming task-relevant largescale networks (1). However, it is currently unclear how contextual information is dynamically integrated to support visual perception. Numerous studies have shown that visual perception critically depends on prestimulus alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity (3-7). The gating-by-inhibition hypothesis postulates that alpha serves as a mechanism to route information to task-relevant cortical sites (8) but might also be under top-down control (6, 7). However, it is currently unclear which cortical regions and mechanisms mediate the directed top-down control of alpha oscillations (2). It has been suggested that slow-frequency activity in the delta range (<5 Hz) might reflect a mechanism for endogenous attentional selection and predictions (9, 10). In particular, endogenous low-frequency entrainment is thought to reflect a substrate of top-down processing (11)(12)(13)(14). Importantly, endogenous entrainment does not require rhythmicity in the input stream but reflects an intrinsic mechanism to enable predictions (15). Several studies have demonstrated that visual perception cycles as a function of the alpha phase but only a few reports have demonstrated that multiple rhythms modulate behavior on a fine-grained temporal scale (5,(16)(17)(18)(19).At present, it is uncertain how different temporal scales interact t...

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Gamma and Beta Bursts Underlie Working Memory

Cited by 733 publications

References 55 publications

EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review

EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review

Simultaneous analysis of the LFP and spiking activity reveals essential components of a visuomotor transformation in the frontal eye field

Prefrontal cortex modulates posterior alpha oscillations during top-down guided visual perception

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